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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently displayed their extraordinary capabilities in language understanding. However, how to comprehensively assess the sentiment capabilities of LLMs continues to be a challenge. This paper investigates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yang Liu , Xichou Zhu , Zhou Shen , Yi Liu , Min Li , Yujun Chen , Benzi John , Zhenzhen Ma , Tao Hu , Zhi Li , Zhiyang Xu , Wei Luo , Junhui Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable performance on a wide variety of tasks. Most LLMs split text into multi-character tokens and process them as atomic units without direct access to individual characters. This raises the question:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Lukas Edman , Helmut Schmid , Alexander Fraser

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, GPT-4, Claude-3, and Llama are being integrated across a variety of industries. Despite this rapid proliferation, experts are calling for caution in the interpretation and adoption of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Ryosuke Sonoda , Ramya Srinivasan

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Phonology, the study of speech's structure and pronunciation rules, is a critical yet often overlooked component in Large Language Model (LLM) research. LLMs are widely used in various downstream applications that leverage phonology such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Ashima Suvarna , Harshita Khandelwal , Nanyun Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform well at a variety of syntactic, discourse, and reasoning tasks. While LLMs are increasingly deployed in many forms including conversational agents that interact with humans, we lack a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Minje Choi , Jiaxin Pei , Sagar Kumar , Chang Shu , David Jurgens

Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Recent advancements of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to the development of large language models (LLMs) that are capable of understanding, analysing, and creating textual data. These language models open a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arash Zargar , Abolfazl Moshiri , Mitra Shafaei , Shabnam Rahimi-Golkhandan , Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi , Farzad Khalvati

Although several methods were proposed to address the problem of automated essay scoring (AES) in the last 50 years, there is still much to desire in terms of effectiveness. Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer-based models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Watheq Mansour , Salam Albatarni , Sohaila Eltanbouly , Tamer Elsayed

Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Large language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to variations in prompt formulation, which can significantly impact their ability to generate accurate responses. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Prompt Sensitivity Prediction, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amirhossein Razavi , Mina Soltangheis , Negar Arabzadeh , Sara Salamat , Morteza Zihayat , Ebrahim Bagheri

A prerequisite for the computational study of literature is the availability of properly digitized texts, ideally with reliable meta-data and ground-truth annotation. Poetry corpora do exist for a number of languages, but larger collections…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Thomas Haider

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant variations in performance across linguistic and cultural contexts, underscoring the need for systematic evaluation in diverse languages. In this work, we present the most extensive evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Thales Sales Almeida , Ramon Pires , Hugo Abonizio , Rodrigo Nogueira , Hélio Pedrini

Poetry is one of the most important art forms of human languages. Recently many studies have focused on incorporating some linguistic features of poetry, such as style and sentiment, into its understanding or generation system. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Wenhao Li , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jiarui Zhang

Previous detection studies have shown that LLMs cannot be effectively used as detectors, but these studies have not addressed modern Chinese poetry. Moreover, no relevant research has explored the performance of LLMs in detecting modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shanshan Wang , Fengying Ye , Hanjia Lyu , Caiwen Gou , Junchao Wu , Jingming Yao , Chengzhong Xu , Jiebo Luo , Derek F. Wong

As large language models (LLMs) excel at code reasoning, a natural question arises: can an LLM execute programs (i.e., act as an interpreter) purely based on a programming language's formal semantics? If so, it will enable rapid prototyping…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Aditya Thimmaiah , Jiyang Zhang , Jayanth Srinivasa , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric

Modern large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide range of multi-step reasoning tasks. Recent work suggests that LLMs may perform planning - selecting a future target token in advance and generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jatin Nainani , Sankaran Vaidyanathan , Connor Watts , Andre N. Assis , Alice Rigg

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including natural language processing (NLP) and image generation, by making complex computational tasks more accessible. While LLMs demonstrate impressive…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ananya Rahaman , Anny Zheng , Mostafa Milani , Fei Chiang , Rachel Pottinger

Whitespace is a critical component of poetic form, reflecting both adherence to standardized forms and rebellion against those forms. Each poem's whitespace distribution reflects the artistic choices of the poet and is an integral semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriharsh Bhyravajjula , Melanie Walsh , Anna Preus , Maria Antoniak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego