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In recent years, the widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS), particularly in sensitive environments, has raised considerable privacy concerns. Of particular importance are membership inference attacks (MIAs), which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Osama Zafar , Shaojie Zhan , Tianxi Ji , Erman Ayday

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was part of a model's training set, serving as effective tools for evaluating privacy leakage of vision models. However, existing MIAs implicitly assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Ruize Gao , Kaiwen Zhou , Yongqiang Chen , Feng Liu

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a valuable framework for evaluating privacy leakage by machine learning models. Score-based MIAs are distinguished, in particular, by their ability to exploit the confidence scores that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Gauri Pradhan , Joonas Jälkö , Marlon Tobaben , Antti Honkela

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while keeping training data localized, allowing us to preserve privacy in various domains including remote sensing. However, recent studies show that FL models may still leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Anh-Kiet Duong , Petra Gomez-Krämer , Hoàng-Ân Lê , Minh-Tan Pham

Generative AI systems are quickly improving, now able to produce believable output in several modalities including images, text, and audio. However, this fast development has prompted increased scrutiny concerning user privacy and the use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Kurtis Chow , Omar Samiullah , Vinesh Sridhar , Hewen Zhang

Tabular Generative Models are often argued to preserve privacy by creating synthetic datasets that resemble training data. However, auditing their empirical privacy remains challenging, as commonly used similarity metrics fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Joshua Ward , Xiaofeng Lin , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Recent studies have shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a data record was used to train a target model or not. To analyze and study these vulnerabilities, various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-12 Chenxu Zhao , Wei Qian , Aobo Chen , Mengdi Huai

This paper introduces a novel approach to membership inference attacks (MIA) targeting stable diffusion computer vision models, specifically focusing on the highly sophisticated Stable Diffusion V2 by StabilityAI. MIAs aim to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thomas Cilloni , Charles Fleming , Charles Walter

Multi-domain graph pre-training has emerged as a pivotal technique in developing graph foundation models. While it greatly improves the generalization of graph neural networks, its privacy risks under membership inference attacks (MIAs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiayi Luo , Qingyun Sun , Yuecen Wei , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li

Federated Learning enables collaborative learning among clients via a coordinating server while avoiding direct data sharing, offering a perceived solution to preserve privacy. However, recent studies on Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Quan Nguyen , Minh N. Vu , Truc Nguyen , My T. Thai

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are used to test practical privacy of machine learning models. MIAs complement formal guarantees from differential privacy (DP) under a more realistic adversary model. We analyse MIA vulnerability of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marlon Tobaben , Hibiki Ito , Joonas Jälkö , Yuan He , Antti Honkela

We propose a new framework for Bayesian estimation of differential privacy, incorporating evidence from multiple membership inference attacks (MIA). Bayesian estimation is carried out via a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, named…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ceren Yildirim , Kamer Kaya , Sinan Yildirim , Erkay Savas

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose significant privacy risks by determining whether individual data is in a dataset. While differential privacy (DP) mitigates these risks, it has limitations including limited resolution in expressing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Tao Zhang , Rajagopal Venkatesaramani , Rajat K. De , Bradley A. Malin , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly stringent privacy regulations, protecting data privacy in LLMs has become essential, especially for privacy-sensitive applications. Membership Inference Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Md Tasnim Jawad , Mingyan Xiao , Yanzhao Wu

Privacy attacks, particularly membership inference attacks (MIAs), are widely used to assess the privacy of generative models for tabular synthetic data, including those with Differential Privacy (DP) guarantees. These attacks often exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Georgi Ganev , Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Sofiane Mahiou , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical threat to the privacy of training data in deep learning. Despite significant progress in attack methodologies, our understanding of when and how models encode membership information during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuetian Chen , Zhiqi Wang , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Lei Yu

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) reveal whether specific data was used to train machine learning models, serving as important tools for privacy auditing and compliance assessment. Recent studies have reported that MIAs perform only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Disha Makhija , Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan , Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine

Analyzing time-series data that contains personal information, particularly in the medical field, presents serious privacy concerns. Sensitive health data from patients is often used to train machine learning models for diagnostics and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Noam Koren , Abigail Goldsteen , Guy Amit , Ariel Farkash

A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a trained machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were included in the dataset. We classify existing MIAs into adaptive or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuntao Du , Jiacheng Li , Yuetian Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Zhizhen Yuan , Hanshen Xiao , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li