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Grammatical feedback is crucial for consolidating second language (L2) learning. Most research in computer-assisted language learning has focused on feedback through grammatical error correction (GEC) systems, rather than examining more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Stefano Bannò , Kate Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

Grammatic is a tool for grammar definition and manipulation aimed to improve modularity and reuse of grammars and related development artifacts. It is independent from parsing technology and any other details of target system…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-01-19 Andrey Breslav

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

Grammar checking is the task of detection and correction of grammatical errors in the text. English is the dominating language in the field of science and technology. Therefore, the non-native English speakers must be able to use correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Madhvi Soni , Jitendra Singh Thakur

Grounding natural language instructions on the web to perform previously unseen tasks enables accessibility and automation. We introduce a task and dataset to train AI agents from open-domain, step-by-step instructions originally written…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Nancy Xu , Sam Masling , Michael Du , Giovanni Campagna , Larry Heck , James Landay , Monica S Lam

Automated answer grading is a critical challenge in educational technology, with the potential to streamline assessment processes, ensure grading consistency, and provide timely feedback to students. However, existing approaches are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Masoud Safilian , Amin Beheshti , Stephen Elbourn

Grammar refers to the system of rules that governs the structural organization and the semantic relations among linguistic units such as sentences, phrases, and words within a given language. In natural language processing, there remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lujun Li , Yewei Song , Lama Sleem , Yiqun Wang , Yangjie Xu , Cedric Lothritz , Niccolo Gentile , Radu State , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Jacques Klein

Academic writing skills are crucial for students' success, but can feel overwhelming without proper guidance and practice, particularly when writing in a second language. Traditionally, students ask instructors or search dictionaries, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Fumian Chen , Sotheara Veng , Joshua Wilson , Xiaoming Li , Hui Fang

In automated essay scoring (AES), recent efforts have shifted toward cross-prompt settings that score essays on unseen prompts for practical applicability. However, prior methods trained with essay-score pairs of specific prompts pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Heejin Do , Taehee Park , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

There are obvious benefits to integrating generative AI (artificial intelligence) into language learning and teaching. Those include using AI as a language tutor, creating learning materials, or assessing learner output. However, due to how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Robert Godwin-Jones`

Automatic grading is not a new approach but the need to adapt the latest technology to automatic grading has become very important. As the technology has rapidly became more powerful on scoring exams and essays, especially from the 1990s…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Neslihan Suzen , Alexander Gorban , Jeremy Levesley , Evgeny Mirkes

Whether language models (LMs) have inductive biases that favor typologically frequent grammatical properties over rare, implausible ones has been investigated, typically using artificial languages (ALs) (White and Cotterell, 2021;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nadine El-Naggar , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ted Briscoe

In the era of MOOCs, online exams are taken by millions of candidates, where scoring short answers is an integral part. It becomes intractable to evaluate them by human graders. Thus, a generic automated system capable of grading these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yaman Kumar , Swati Aggarwal , Debanjan Mahata , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Roger Zimmermann

Grammar induction has made significant progress in recent years. However, it is not clear how the application of induced grammar could enhance practical performance in downstream tasks. In this work, we introduce an unsupervised grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jushi Kai , Shengyuan Hou , Yusheng Huang , Zhouhan Lin

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a paradigm shift from reactive systems to proactive, autonomous decision making frameworks. Existing AI-based educational systems remain fragmented and lack multi-level integration across…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Arya Mary K J , Deepthy K Bhaskar , Sinu T S , Binu V P

Automated Text Scoring (ATS) provides a cost-effective and consistent alternative to human marking. However, in order to achieve good performance, the predictive features of the system need to be manually engineered by human experts. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Dimitrios Alikaniotis , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) and Automatic Essay Feedback (AEF) systems aim to reduce the workload of human raters in educational assessment. However, most existing systems prioritize numerical scoring accuracy over feedback quality and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Joaquín Jordán , Xavier Yin , Melissa Fabros , Gireeja Ranade , Narges Norouzi

Automated Short Answer Scoring (SAS) is the task of automatically scoring a given input to a prompt based on rubrics and reference answers. Although SAS is useful in real-world applications, both rubrics and reference answers differ between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Hiroaki Funayama , Yuya Asazuma , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Tomoya Mizumoto , Kentaro Inui

Video-aided grammar induction aims to leverage video information for finding more accurate syntactic grammars for accompanying text. While previous work focuses on building systems for inducing grammars on text that are well-aligned with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Songyang Zhang , Linfeng Song , Lifeng Jin , Haitao Mi , Kun Xu , Dong Yu , Jiebo Luo

Miscommunication and communication challenges between instructors and students represents one of the primary barriers to post-secondary learning. Students often avoid or miss opportunities to ask questions during office hours due to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ramteja Sajja , Yusuf Sermet , David Cwiertny , Ibrahim Demir
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