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Objectives: Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution geophysical imaging technique that reconstructs subsurface velocity models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between predicted and observed seismic data. However, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinyi Zhang , Caiyun Liu , Jie Xiong , Qingfeng Yu

The advent of machine learning (ML) and computer vision has significantly accelerated seismic inversion workflows by reducing the computational cost of traditionally expensive iterative methods. However, the development and evaluation of ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ipsita Bhar , Huseyin Tuna Erdinc , Thales Souza , Charles Jones , Felix J. Herrmann

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced technique for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface physical parameters by progressively minimizing the discrepancy between observed and predicted seismic data. However, conventional FWI…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Chao Song , Tariq Alkhalifah , Umair Bin Waheed , Silin Wang , Cai Liu

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a modeling algorithm used for seismic data processing and subsurface structure inversion. Theoretically, the main advantage of FWI is its ability to obtain useful subsurface structure information, such as…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Jiahang Li , Hitoshi Mikada , Junichi Takekawa

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear computational imaging technique that can provide detailed estimates of subsurface geophysical properties. Solving the FWI problem can be challenging due to its ill-posedness and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Renán Rojas-Gómez , Jihyun Yang , Youzuo Lin , James Theiler , Brendt Wohlberg

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) techniques aim to find a high-resolution subsurface geophysical model provided with waveform data. Some recent effort in data-driven FWI has shown some encouraging results in obtaining 2D velocity maps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Qili Zeng , Shihang Feng , Brendt Wohlberg , Youzuo Lin

Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution technique used in geophysics to evaluate the physical parameters and construct subsurface models in a noisy and limited data scenario. The ill-posed nature of the FWI turns this a…

Time-lapse seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides estimates of dynamic changes in the subsurface by performing multiple seismic surveys at different times. Since FWI problems are highly non-linear and non-unique, it is important to…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-08-21 Xin Zhang , Andrew Curtis

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a method that utilizes seismic data to invert the physical parameters of subsurface media by minimizing the difference between simulated and observed waveforms. Due to its ill-posed nature, FWI is…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-18 Xintong Dong , Zhengyi Yuan , Jun Lin , Shiqi Dong , Xunqian Tong , Yue Li

While computer science has seen remarkable advancements in foundation models, which remain underexplored in geoscience. Addressing this gap, we introduce a workflow to develop geophysical foundation models, including data preparation, model…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-12-18 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Xu Si , Jintao Li , Sibo Zhang , Xudong Duan

Full waveform inversion (FWI) has recently become a favorite technique for the inverse problem of finding properties in the earth from measurements of vibrations of seismic waves on the surface. Mathematically, FWI is PDE constrained…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Björn Engquist , Yunan Yang

Full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to provide high-resolution subsurface model estimations. However, due to limitations in observation, e.g., regional noise, limited shots or receivers, and band-limited data, it is hard to…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-30 Fu Wang , Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Spatially 3-dimensional seismic full waveform inversion (3D FWI) is a highly nonlinear and computationally demanding inverse problem that constructs 3D subsurface seismic velocity structures using seismic waveform data. To characterise…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-21 Xuebin Zhao , Andrew Curtis

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a critical technique in subsurface imaging, aiming to reconstruct high-resolution subsurface properties from surface measurements. Acoustic FWI involves two physical modalities, seismic waveforms and…

Producing reliable acoustic subsurface velocity models still remains the main bottleneck of the oil and gas industry's traditional imaging sequence. In complex geological settings, the output of conventional ray-based or wave-equation-based…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-06-07 Guillaume Barnier , Ettore Biondi , Robert G. Clapp , Biondo Biondi

Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) has now become a widely accepted tool to obtain high-resolution velocity models from seismic data. Typically, the velocity model in its discrete form is represented on a rectangular grid, and we solve for the…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-01-25 Reetam Biswas , Mrinal K. Sen

Seismic traveltime tomography using transmission data is widely used to image the Earth's interior from global to local scales. In seismic imaging, it is used to obtain velocity models for subsequent depth-migration or full-waveform…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-04-06 Umair bin Waheed , Tariq Alkhalifah , Ehsan Haghighat , Chao Song , Jean Virieux

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is known as a seismic data processing method that achieves high-resolution imaging. In the inversion part of the method that brings high resolution in finding a convergence point in the model space, a local…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-07-11 Jiahang Li , Hitoshi Mikada , Junichi Takekawa

Seismic waves are the most sensitive probe of the Earth's interior we have. With the dense data sets available in exploration, images of subsurface structures can be obtained through processes such as migration. Unfortunately, relating…

Geophysics · Physics 2009-05-05 R. B. Schlottmann

We describe a new method, full waveform inversion by model extension (FWIME) that recovers accurate acoustic subsurface velocity models from seismic data, when conventional methods fail. We leverage the advantageous convergence properties…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-05-31 Guillaume Barnier , Ettore Biondi , Robert G. Clapp , Biondo Biondi