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Voice-based conversational AI systems increasingly rely on cascaded architectures that combine speech-to-text (STT), large language models (LLMs), and text-to-speech (TTS) components. We present a large-scale empirical comparison of STT x…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Rumi Allbert , Nima Yazdani , Ali Ansari , Aruj Mahajan , Amirhossein Afsharrad , Seyed Shahabeddin Mousavi

Understanding how emotional expression in language relates to brain function is a challenge in computational neuroscience and affective computing. Traditional neuroimaging is costly and lab-bound, but abundant digital text offers new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Gideon Vos , Maryam Ebrahimpour , Liza van Eijk , Zoltan Sarnyai , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in high-stakes domains like healthcare, yet their reasoning remains opaque. Current interpretability methods, such as attention mechanisms or post-hoc saliency, often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Micky C. Nnamdi , Benoit L. Marteau , Yishan Zhong , J. Ben Tamo , May D. Wang

The generation of talking avatars has achieved significant advancements in precise audio synchronization. However, crafting lifelike talking head videos requires capturing a broad spectrum of emotions and subtle facial expressions. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Huaize Liu , Wenzhang Sun , Donglin Di , Shibo Sun , Jiahui Yang , Changqing Zou , Hujun Bao

Interleaved multimodal comprehension and generation, enabling models to produce and interpret both images and text in arbitrary sequences, have become a pivotal area in multimodal learning. Despite significant advancements, the evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Peng Xia , Siwei Han , Shi Qiu , Yiyang Zhou , Zhaoyang Wang , Wenhao Zheng , Zhaorun Chen , Chenhang Cui , Mingyu Ding , Linjie Li , Lijuan Wang , Huaxiu Yao

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) leverage chains-of-thought (CoT) to simulate human reasoning and inference processes, achieving proficient performance in multi-hop QA. However, a gap persists between PLMs' reasoning abilities and those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Guangming Huang , Yunfei Long , Cunjin Luo , Jiaxing Shen , Xia Sun

Recent research shows that Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a compelling level of proficiency in Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks. This ability to impute unobservable mental states to others is vital to human social cognition and may prove…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Courtland Leer , Vincent Trost , Vineeth Voruganti

Human-like large language models (LLMs), especially the most powerful and popular ones in OpenAI's GPT family, have proven to be very helpful for many natural language processing (NLP) related tasks. Therefore, various attempts have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Ridong Han , Chaohao Yang , Tao Peng , Prayag Tiwari , Xiang Wan , Lu Liu , Benyou Wang

Human-like large language models (LLMs), especially the most powerful and popular ones in OpenAI's GPT family, have proven to be very helpful for many natural language processing (NLP) related tasks. Therefore, various attempts have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Ridong Han , Chaohao Yang , Tao Peng , Prayag Tiwari , Xiang Wan , Lu Liu , Benyou Wang

The advancement of computational psychology requires AI tools capable of deeply understanding counseling dialogues. Existing audio language models (AudioLLMs) often rely on single speech encoders pre-trained on general data, struggling to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Yongqi Kang , Yong Zhao

Humans no doubt use language to communicate about their emotional experiences, but does language in turn help humans understand emotions, or is language just a vehicle of communication? This study used a form of artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ming Li , Yusheng Su , Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Jiali Cheng , Xin Hu , Xinmiao Zhang , Huadong Wang , Yujia Qin , Xiaozhi Wang , Kristen A. Lindquist , Zhiyuan Liu , Dan Zhang

Interpretability remains a key difficulty in sentiment analysis with Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications where it is crucial to comprehend the rationale behind forecasts. This research addressed this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Thivya Thogesan , Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong

Description-based text-to-speech (TTS) models exhibit strong performance on in-domain text descriptions, i.e., those encountered during training. However, in real-world applications, the diverse range of user-generated descriptions…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Heyang Xue , Xuchen Song , Yu Tang , Jianyu Chen , Yanru Chen , Yang Li , Yahui Zhou

Ontology (and more generally: Knowledge Graph) Matching is a challenging task where information in natural language is one of the most important signals to process. With the rise of Large Language Models, it is possible to incorporate this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sven Hertling , Heiko Paulheim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable generalization across tasks, leading to increased interest in integrating speech with LLMs. These speech LLMs (SLLMs) typically use supervised fine-tuning to align speech with text-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Jingran Xie , Xiang Li , Hui Wang , Yue Yu , Yang Xiang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu

With the rapid growth of AI-generated content (AIGC) across domains such as music, video, and literature, the demand for emotionally aware recommendation systems has become increasingly important. Traditional recommender systems primarily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zheqi Hu , Xuanjing Chen , Jinlin Hu

Multimodal language analysis is a burgeoning field of NLP that aims to simultaneously model a speaker's words, acoustical annotations, and facial expressions. In this area, lexicon features usually outperform other modalities because they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Mehdi Arjmand , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Hadi Moradi

Multimodal Information Extraction (MIE) requires fusing text and visual cues from visually rich documents. While recent methods have advanced multimodal representation learning, most implicitly assume modality equivalence or treat…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yang Li , Yajiao Wang , Wenhao Hu , Zhixiong Zhang , Mengting Zhang

Related tasks often have inter-dependence on each other and perform better when solved in a joint framework. In this paper, we present a deep multi-task learning framework that jointly performs sentiment and emotion analysis both. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Md Shad Akhtar , Dushyant Singh Chauhan , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria , Asif Ekbal , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on objective multimodal perception tasks, but their ability to interpret subjective, emotionally nuanced multimodal content remains largely unexplored. Thus, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Qu Yang , Mang Ye , Bo Du