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We reconsider the effects of photon-graviton conversion in a primordial magnetic field upon the cosmic microwave background radiation. We argue that plasma effects make the photon-graviton conversion process negligible.

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Analia N. Cillis , Diego D. Harari

A magnetic field enables the interconversion of photons and gravitons, yet the process is usually analysed only at the level of classical wave equations. We revisit photon-graviton conversion in a quantum field theoretic framework, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Taiki Ikeda , Youka Kaku , Sugumi Kanno , Jiro Soda

What is the highest energy at which gravitons can be observed? We address this question by studying graviton-to-photon conversion - the inverse-Gertsenshtein effect - in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. We find that above $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-14 Sabir Ramazanov , Rome Samanta , Georg Trenkler , Federico R. Urban

Gravitational waves (GWs) can convert into electromagnetic waves in the presence of a magnetic field via the Gertsenshtein-Zeldovich (GZ) effect. The characteristics of the magnetic field substantially affect this conversion probability.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-05 Wei Hong , Zhen-Zhao Tao , Peng He , Tong-Jie Zhang

The conversion of gravitational to electromagnetic waves in the presence of background magnetic fields is known as the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, analogous to the Primakoff effect for axions. Rephrasing this conversion as a classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-23 Valerie Domcke , Camilo Garcia-Cely , Sung Mook Lee

High-frequency gravitational waves represent an unexplored frontier of gravitational physics. While pulsar timing arrays reach nHz frequencies and ground-based interferometers probe the audio band, the regime above the MHz scale remains…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-20 Yi-fu Cai , Luca Visinelli , Sheng-Feng Yan

While photons and gravitons do not interact significantly, photons can be converted to gravitons in a background magnetic field -- a phenomenon known as the Gertsenshtein effect. In this paper, we investigate whether chiral electromagnetic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Ashu Kushwaha , Rajeev Kumar Jain

We study the frequency shift of photons generated by rotating gravitational sources in the framework of curvature based Extended Theories of Gravity. The discussion is developed considering the weak-field approximation. Following a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-05 Salvatore Capozziello , Gaetano Lambiase , Arturo Stabile , Antonio Stabile

Mixing between photons and low-mass bosons is well considered in the literature. The particular case of interest here is with hypothetical gravitons, as we are concerned with the direct conversion of gravitons into photons in the presence…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-05 Justine Tarrant , Geoff Beck , Sergio Colafrancesco

We investigate the conversion of kinetic mixing dark photon dark matter into gravitational waves within the magnetic field of the Sun. Our study reveals that the WKB approximation is invalid in this scenario. We derive an analytic solution…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-19 Tengyu Ai , Yuxuan He , Jia Liu , Xiaolin Ma , Xiao-Ping Wang

Here I discuss the conversion of relic gravitons into photons in large scale cosmological magnetic fields. It is shown that the conversion probability is quite large at the post recombination epoch with a rather large density of formed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-31 Damian Ejlli

In this paper we investigate graviton-photon oscillation in the presence of an external magnetic field in alternative theories of gravity. Whereas the effect of an effective refractive index for the electromagnetic radiation was already…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-20 Jose A. R. Cembranos , Mario Coma Diaz , Prado Martin-Moruno

We study graviton-photon conversion in potential ground-based experiments. From graviton to photon transition, we calculate the cross section of graviton-atom interaction in the presence of spherical atomic electric fields; the obtained…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-22 Jin Dai , Gui-Rong Liang

Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field in the early Universe, amplified by inflation, produce a primordial gravitational-wave background across a broad frequency band. We derive constraints on the spectrum of this gravitational…

We study the parametric resonance excitation of the electromagnetic field by a gravitational wave. We show that there is narrow band resonance. For an electromagnetic field in the vacuum the resonance occurs only in the second band, and its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 Robert Brandenberger , Paola C. M. Delgado , Alexander Ganz , Chunshan Lin

The transformation of powerful gravitational waves, created by the coalescence of massive black hole binaries, into electromagnetic radiation in external magnetic fields is revisited. In contrast to the previous calculations of the similar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-19 Alexander Dolgov , Konstantin Postnov

Resonant conversion of high energy gravitons into photons in large scale cosmological magnetic fields at the post recombination epoch is considered. It is shown that the probability of the resonance photon production is much higher than the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-10 Alexander D. Dolgov , Damian Ejlli

High-frequency gravitational waves are crucial for understanding the very early universe and distinguishing between various cosmological models, but detecting them remains a significant challenge. We investigated the effects of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-10-25 Shen Shen , Liangzhong Lin , Linfu Li , Jiang-Tao Liu , Xin Wu , Zhenhua Wu

Electromagnetic methods recently proposed for detecting gravitational waves modify the Michelson phase shift analysis (historically employed for special relativity). We suggest that a frequency modulation analysis is more suited to general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Sivasubramanian , Y. N. Srivastava , A. Widom

In the presence of magnetic fields, gravitational waves are converted into photons and vice versa. We demonstrate that this conversion leads to a distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which can serve as a detector for MHz to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-20 Valerie Domcke , Camilo Garcia-Cely