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There is a growing interest in applying pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to planning problems. However, methods that use LLMs directly as planners are currently impractical due to several factors, including limited correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Lin Guan , Karthik Valmeekam , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

Classical planning systems have shown great advances in utilizing rule-based human knowledge to compute accurate plans for service robots, but they face challenges due to the strong assumptions of perfect perception and action executions.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Xiaohan Zhang , Yan Ding , Saeid Amiri , Hao Yang , Andy Kaminski , Chad Esselink , Shiqi Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown impressive performance on various downstream tasks by utilizing knowledge learned from large data. In general, the performance of VLMs on target tasks can be further improved by prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Eulrang Cho , Jooyeon Kim , Hyunwoo J. Kim

With their prominent scene understanding and reasoning capabilities, pre-trained visual-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4V have attracted increasing attention in robotic task planning. Compared with traditional task planning strategies,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Aoran Mei , Jianhua Wang , Guo-Niu Zhu , Zhongxue Gan

In this study, we are interested in imbuing robots with the capability of physically-grounded task planning. Recent advancements have shown that large language models (LLMs) possess extensive knowledge useful in robotic tasks, especially in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yingdong Hu , Fanqi Lin , Tong Zhang , Li Yi , Yang Gao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have excelled in multimodal tasks, but adapting them to embodied decision-making in open-world environments presents challenges. One critical issue is bridging the gap between discrete entities in low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shaofei Cai , Zihao Wang , Kewei Lian , Zhancun Mu , Xiaojian Ma , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

Current robot autonomy struggles to operate beyond the assumed Operational Design Domain (ODD), the specific set of conditions and environments in which the system is designed to function, while the real-world is rife with uncertainties…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Hongyi Chen , Yunchao Yao , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu , Jeffrey Ichnowski

Integration of VLM reasoning with symbolic planning has proven to be a promising approach to real-world robot task planning. Existing work like UniDomain effectively learns symbolic manipulation domains from real-world demonstrations,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haoming Ye , Yunxiao Xiao , Cewu Lu , Panpan Cai

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as the dominant paradigm for robotic task planning using natural language instructions. However, trained on general internet data, LLMs are not inherently aligned with the embodiment, skill sets,…

In-context generation is a key component of large language models' (LLMs) open-task generalization capability. By leveraging a few examples as context, LLMs can perform both in-domain and out-of-domain tasks. Recent advancements in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zeyi Sun , Ziyang Chu , Pan Zhang , Tong Wu , Xiaoyi Dong , Yuhang Zang , Yuanjun Xiong , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Crop monitoring is essential for precision agriculture, but current systems lack high-level reasoning. We introduce a novel, modular framework that uses a Visual Language Model (VLM) to guide robotic task planning, interleaving input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jose Cuaran , Kendall Koe , Aditya Potnis , Naveen Kumar Uppalapati , Girish Chowdhary

In this work, we introduce SMART-LLM, an innovative framework designed for embodied multi-robot task planning. SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Models (LLMs), harnesses the power of LLMs to convert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shyam Sundar Kannan , Vishnunandan L. N. Venkatesh , Byung-Cheol Min

Heterogeneous multi-robot systems are increasingly used in long-horizon missions requiring coordinated planning across diverse capabilities. However, existing planning approaches struggle to construct accurate symbolic representations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chak Lam Shek , Faizan M. Tariq , Sangjae Bae , David Isele , Piyush Gupta

Multi-robot task planning requires decomposing natural-language instructions into executable actions for heterogeneous robot teams. Conventional Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) planners provide rigorous guarantees but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tomoya Kawabe , Rin Takano

Classical planning formulations like the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) admit action sequences guaranteed to achieve a goal state given an initial state if any are possible. However, reasoning problems defined in PDDL do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-27 David Bai , Ishika Singh , David Traum , Jesse Thomason

It is crucial to efficiently execute instructions such as "Find an apple and a banana" or "Get ready for a field trip," which require searching for multiple objects or understanding context-dependent commands. This study addresses the…

Autonomous navigation guided by natural language instructions is essential for improving human-robot interaction and enabling complex operations in dynamic environments. While large language models (LLMs) are not inherently designed for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Pranav Doma , Aliasghar Arab , Xuesu Xiao

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) refers to the task of enabling autonomous robots to navigate unfamiliar environments by following natural language instructions. While recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown promise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vebjørn Haug Kåsene , Pierre Lison

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang