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Real-time safety metrics are important for the automated driving system (ADS) to assess the risk of driving situations and to assist the decision-making. Although a number of real-time safety metrics have been proposed in the literature,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , David J. LeBlanc , Carol Flannagan , Henry X. Liu

Several scenario-based frameworks exist to aid in vehicle system development and safety assurance. However, there is a need for approaches that combine different types of datasets that offer varying levels of case severity, data richness,…

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) collect and pseudo-label terabytes of multi-modal data localized to HD maps during normal fleet testing. However, identifying interesting and safety-critical scenarios from uncurated driving logs remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Cainan Davidson , Deva Ramanan , Neehar Peri

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

Validating the safety and performance of an autonomous vehicle (AV) requires benchmarking on real-world driving logs. However, typical driving logs contain mostly uneventful scenarios with minimal interactions between road users.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Wenhao Ding , Sushant Veer , Karen Leung , Yulong Cao , Marco Pavone

A scenario-based testing approach can reduce the time required to obtain statistically significant evidence of the safety of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). Identifying these scenarios in an automated manner is a challenging task. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Tobias Hoek , Holger Caesar , Andreas Falkovén , Tommy Johansson

Ensuring the quality of automated driving systems is a major challenge the automotive industry is facing. In this context, quality defines the degree to which an object meets expectations and requirements. Especially, automated vehicles at…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Barbara Schütt , Markus Steimle , Birte Kramer , Danny Behnecke , Eric Sax

Software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation is a widely used method for the rapid development and testing of autonomous vehicles because of its flexibility and efficiency. This paper presents a case study on the validation of an in-house…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zhennan Fei , Mikael Andersson , Andreas Tingberg

This paper develops a physics-informed scenario approach for safety verification of nonlinear systems using barrier certificates (BCs) to ensure that system trajectories remain within safe regions over an infinite time horizon. Designing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Ali Aminzadeh , MohammadHossein Ashoori , Amy Nejati , Abolfazl Lavaei

We identify the need for a gamified self-driving simulator where game mechanics encourage high-quality data capture, and design and apply such a simulator to collecting lane-following training data. The resulting synthetic data enables a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Joshua E. Siegel , Georgios Pappas , Konstantinos Politopoulos , Yongbin Sun

To ensure their safe use, autonomous vehicles (AVs) must meet rigorous certification criteria that involve executing maneuvers safely within (arbitrary) scenarios where other actors perform their intended maneuvers. For that purpose,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Aren A. Babikian , Attila Ficsor , Oszkár Semeráth , Gunter Mussbacher , Dániel Varró

Autonomous systems are often used in changeable and unknown environments, where traditional verification may not be suitable. Runtime Verification (RV) checks events performed by a system against a formal specification of its intended…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Matt Luckcuck , Angelo Ferrando , Fatma Faruq

Even though virtual testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has been well recognized as essential for safety assessment, AV simulators are still undergoing active development. One particularly challenging question is to effectively include the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Justin Dauwels , Lap-Pui Chau

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is of utmost importance and testing them in simulated environments is a safer option than conducting in-field operational tests. However, generating an exhaustive test suite to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Automated Driving Systems (ADS), including Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), must fulfill not only high functional expectations but also stringent timing constraints mandated by international regulations and standards. Regulatory…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sebastian Dingler , Philip Rehkop , Florian Mayer , Ralf Muenzenberger

Traffic simulation is essential for autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling comprehensive safety evaluation across diverse driving conditions. However, traditional rule-based simulators struggle to capture complex human interactions,…

As autonomous driving systems (ADS) advance towards higher levels of autonomy, orchestrating their safety verification becomes increasingly intricate. This paper unveils ScenarioFuzz, a pioneering scenario-based fuzz testing methodology.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tong Wang , Taotao Gu , Huan Deng , Hu Li , Xiaohui Kuang , Gang Zhao

Automatic underground parking has attracted considerable attention as the scope of autonomous driving expands. The auto-vehicle is supposed to obtain the environmental information, track its location, and build a reliable map of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Jiawei Hou , Qi Chen , Yurong Cheng , Guang Chen , Xiangyang Xue , Taiping Zeng , Jian Pu

Before introducing an Automated Driving System (ADS) on the road at scale, the manufacturer must conduct some sort of safety assurance. To structure and harmonize the safety assurance process, the UNECE WP.29 Working Party on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Olaf Op den Camp , Erwin de Gelder

Modern vehicles become increasingly digitalized with advanced information technology-based solutions like advanced driving assistance systems and vehicle-to-x communications. These systems are complex and interconnected. Rising complexity…

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