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Execution algorithms are vital to modern trading, they enable market participants to execute large orders while minimising market impact and transaction costs. As these algorithms grow more sophisticated, optimising them becomes…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-28 Ollie Olby , Andreea Bacalum , Rory Baggott , Namid Stillman

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

LLM-based agent systems increasingly rely on agent skills sourced from open registries to extend their capabilities, yet the openness of such ecosystems makes skills difficult to thoroughly vet. Existing attacks rely on injecting malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zenghao Duan , Yuxin Tian , Zhiyi Yin , Liang Pang , Jingcheng Deng , Zihao Wei , Shicheng Xu , Yuyao Ge , Xueqi Cheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved phenomenal success in various domains. However, its data-driven nature also introduces new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious opponents. Recent work shows that a well-trained RL agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors of this paper organized a Reinforcement Learning (RL) course for a graduate school in the field of data science. We describe the strategy and materials for creating an exciting learning experience…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jan Ebert , Danimir T. Doncevic , Ramona Kloß , Stefan Kesselheim

Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have emerged as promising methodologies for addressing challenges in automated cyber defence (ACD). These techniques offer adaptive decision-making capabilities in…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in robotic manipulation. However, their robustness to linguistic nuances remains a critical, under-explored safety concern, posing a significant safety risk to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Baoshun Tong , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Recent research on reinforcement learning (RL) has suggested that trained agents are vulnerable to maliciously crafted adversarial samples. In this work, we show how such samples can be generalised from White-box and Grey-box attacks to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Han Cui , Xitong Gao , Robert Mullins , Ross Anderson

This Research proposes a Novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) model to optimise malware forensics investigation during cyber incident response. It aims to improve forensic investigation efficiency by reducing false negatives and adapting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Dipo Dunsin , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Karim Ouazzane , Vassil Vassilev

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a goal-oriented learning solution that has proven to be successful for Neural Architecture Search (NAS) on the CIFAR and ImageNet datasets. However, a limitation of this approach is its high computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-04 J. Gomez Robles , J. Vanschoren

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes an agent learn from trial-and-error experiences gathered during the interaction with the environment. Recently, offline RL has become a popular RL paradigm because it saves the interactions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Chen Gong , Zhou Yang , Yunpeng Bai , Junda He , Jieke Shi , Kecen Li , Arunesh Sinha , Bowen Xu , Xinwen Hou , David Lo , Tianhao Wang

In this work, we present a learning-based approach to analysis cyberspace configuration. Unlike prior methods, our approach has the ability to learn from past experience and improve over time. In particular, as we train over a greater…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Lei Zhang , Wei Bai , Shize Guo , Shiming Xia , Hongmei Li , Zhisong Pan

Safe reinforcement learning deals with mitigating or avoiding unsafe situations by reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Safe RL approaches are based on specific risk representations for particular problems or domains. In order to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Leonardo Villalobos-Arias , Derek Martin , Abhijeet Krishnan , Madeleine Gagné , Colin M. Potts , Arnav Jhala

Ransomware is a kind of malware using cryptographic mechanisms to prevent victims from normal use of their computers. As a result, victims lose the access to their files and desktops unless they pay the ransom to the attackers. By the end…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Tianrou Xia , Yuanyi Sun , Sencun Zhu , Zeeshan Rasheed , Khurram Shafique

Ransomware (RW) presents a significant and widespread threat in the digital landscape, necessitating effective countermeasures. Active cyber deception is a promising strategy to thwart RW and limiting its propagation by misleading it with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Jinpeng Wei , Ehab Al-Shaer

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether reinforcement learning can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Samuel Tovey , Christoph Lohrmann , Christian Holm

In this work, we propose several online methods to build a \emph{learning curriculum} from a given set of target-task-specific training tasks in order to speed up reinforcement learning (RL). These methods can decrease the total training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Vikas Jain , Theja Tulabandhula

Researchers have proposed a wide range of ransomware detection and analysis schemes. However, most of these efforts have focused on older families targeting Windows 7/8 systems. Hence there is a critical need to develop efficient solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Aldin Vehabovic , Hadi Zanddizari , Farook Shaikh , Nasir Ghani , Morteza Safaei Pour , Elias Bou-Harb , Jorge Crichigno

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are powerful tools for managing power grids. They use large amounts of data to inform their actions and receive rewards or penalties as feedback to learn favorable responses for the system. Once trained,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Benjamin M. Peter , Mert Korkali

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning agents are vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations on the agent's inputs, which raises concerns about deploying such agents in the real world. To address this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Tuomas Oikarinen , Wang Zhang , Alexandre Megretski , Luca Daniel , Tsui-Wei Weng