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Reinforcement learning (RL) has been demonstrated suitable to develop agents that play complex games with human-level performance. However, it is not understood how to effectively use RL to perform cybersecurity tasks. To develop such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Andres Molina-Markham , Cory Miniter , Becky Powell , Ahmad Ridley

In the network security arms race, the defender is significantly disadvantaged as they need to successfully detect and counter every malicious attack. In contrast, the attacker needs to succeed only once. To level the playing field, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Myles Foley , Chris Hicks , Kate Highnam , Vasilios Mavroudis

Modern ransomware exhibits polymorphic and evasive behaviors by frequently modifying execution patterns to evade detection. This dynamic nature disrupts feature spaces and limits the effectiveness of static or predefined models. To address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jannatul Ferdous , Rafiqul Islam , Arash Mahboubi , Md Zahidul Islam

Attacks on machine learning models have been extensively studied through stateless optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate how a reinforcement learning (RL) agent can learn a new class of attack algorithms that generate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Ryan Sheatsley , Eric Pauley , Josiah Hanna , Patrick McDaniel

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where an autonomous agent learns to make an optimal sequence of decisions by interacting with the underlying environment. The promise demonstrated by RL-guided workflows in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Satwik Patnaik , Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Recently, reinforcement and deep reinforcement learning (RL/DRL) have been applied to develop autonomous agents for cyber network operations(CyOps), where the agents are trained in a representative environment using RL and particularly DRL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Li Li , Jean-Pierre S. El Rami , Ryan Kerr , Adrian Taylor , Grant Vandenberghe

Computing is still under a significant threat from ransomware, which necessitates prompt action to prevent it. Ransomware attacks can have a negative impact on how smart grids, particularly digital substations. In addition to examining a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Hong-Nhung Nguyen , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Damien Lescos

Ransomware is a type of malware which encrypts user data and extorts payments in return for the decryption keys. This cyberthreat is one of the most serious challenges facing organizations today and has already caused immense financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Aldin Vehabovic , Hadi Zanddizari , Nasir Ghani , G. Javidi , S. Uluagac , M. Rahouti , E. Bou-Harb , M. Safaei Pour

AI-enabled Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) systems increasingly employ autonomous agents for cyber defense, yet their resilience to adaptive adversaries is underexplored. We introduce an autonomous red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ayan Javeed Shaikh , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Ankit Shah

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an actively growing field that is seeing increased usage in real-world, safety-critical applications -- making it paramount to ensure the robustness of RL algorithms against adversarial attacks. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ethan Rathbun , Christopher Amato , Alina Oprea

This paper aims to provide an innovative machine learning-based solution to automate security testing tasks for web applications, ensuring the correct functioning of all components while reducing project maintenance costs. Reinforcement…

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to learn optimal behaviors through interaction with their environment and has been increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, including autonomous driving. Despite its promise, RL is…

Despite the successful application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of domains, adaptability---the very property that makes machine learning desirable---can be exploited by adversaries to contaminate training and evade…

Machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection is susceptible to attacks that perturb malicious network flows to evade detection. Existing approaches to evaluating the robustness of these models rely on gradient-based optimization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Patrick McDaniel

Insertion of hardware Trojans (HTs) in integrated circuits is a pernicious threat. Since HTs are activated under rare trigger conditions, detecting them using random logic simulations is infeasible. In this work, we design a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasudev Gohil , Satwik Patnaik , Hao Guo , Dileep Kalathil , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

As large language models (LLMs) grow in power and influence, ensuring their safety and preventing harmful output becomes critical. Automated red teaming serves as a tool to detect security vulnerabilities in LLMs without manual labor.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zhuo Li , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Fangming Liu , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Digitization and remote connectivity have enlarged the attack surface and made cyber systems more vulnerable. As attackers become increasingly sophisticated and resourceful, mere reliance on traditional cyber protection, such as intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Yunhan Huang , Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

There has been a surge of interest in using machine learning (ML) to automatically detect malware through their dynamic behaviors. These approaches have achieved significant improvement in detection rates and lower false positive rates at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Li Chen , Chih-Yuan Yang , Anindya Paul , Ravi Sahita

Safety-critical robot systems need thorough testing to expose design flaws and software bugs which could endanger humans. Testing in simulation is becoming increasingly popular, as it can be applied early in the development process and does…

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

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