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Technical Debt is a common issue that arises when short-term gains are prioritized over long-term costs, leading to a degradation in the quality of the code. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is a specific type of Technical Debt that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Shima Esfandiari , Ashkan Sami

Context: Previous research on software aging is limited with focus on dynamic runtime indicators like memory and performance, often neglecting evolutionary indicators like source code comments and narrowly examining legacy issues within the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Murali Sridharan , Mika Mäntylä , Leevi Rantala

Test smells reduce test suite reliability and complicate maintenance. While many methods detect test smells, few support automated removal, and most rely on static analysis or machine learning. This study evaluates models with relatively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Rian Melo , Pedro Simões , Rohit Gheyi , Marcelo d'Amorim , Márcio Ribeiro , Gustavo Soares , Eduardo Almeida , Elvys Soares

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to technical compromises explicitly admitted by developers in natural language artifacts such as code comments, commit messages, and issue trackers. Among its types, Architecture Technical Debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Edi Sutoyo , Paris Avgeriou , Andrea Capiluppi

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

Fault-proneness is an indication of programming errors that decreases software quality and maintainability. On the contrary, code smell is a symptom of potential design problems which has impact on fault-proneness. In the literature,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Md. Masudur Rahman , Toukir Ahammed , Md. Mahbubul Alam Joarder , Kazi Sakib

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated their adoption in software engineering contexts. However, concerns persist about the structural quality of the code they produce. In particular, LLMs often replicate poor…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Alejandro Velasco , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Dipin Khati , David N. Palacio , Luftar Rahman Alif , Denys Poshyvanyk

Architectural decay imposes real costs in terms of developer effort, system correctness, and performance. Over time, those problems are likely to be revealed as explicit implementation issues (defects, feature changes, etc.). Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Duc Minh Le , Suhrid Karthik , Marcelo Schmitt Laser , Nenad Medvidovic

Practitioners use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scripts to efficiently configure IT infrastructures through machine-readable definition files. However, during the development of these scripts, some code patterns or deployment choices may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Seif Kosbar , Mohammad Hamdaqa

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to the phenomenon where developers explicitly acknowledge technical debt through comments in the source code. While considerable research has focused on detecting and addressing SATD, its true…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shaiful Chowdhury , Hisham Kidwai , Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) annotates development decisions that intentionally exchange long-term software artifact quality for short-term goals. Recent work explores the existence of SATD clones (duplicate or near duplicate SATD…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Tao Xiao , Zhili Zeng , Dong Wang , Hideaki Hata , Shane McIntosh , Kenichi Matsumoto

It is quite common for security testing to be delayed until after the software has been developed, but vulnerabilities may get noticed throughout the implementation phase and the earlier they are discovered, the easier and cheaper it will…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Rahma Mahmood , Qusay H. Mahmoud

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is being increasingly used to learn and adapt application behavior in many domains, including large-scale and safety critical systems, as for example, autonomous driving. With the advent of plug-n-play RL…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Nicolás Cardozo , Ivana Dusparic , Christian Cabrera

Static software checking tools are useful as an additional automated software inspection step that can easily be integrated in the development cycle and assist in creating secure, reliable and high quality code. However, an often quoted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Cathal Boogerd , Leon Moonen

This study explores the intricate relationship between sentiment analysis (SA) and code quality within machine learning (ML) projects, illustrating how the emotional dynamics of developers affect the technical and functional attributes of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Md Shoaib Ahmed , Dongyoung Park , Nasir U. Eisty

The learning and usage of an API is supported by official documentation. Like source code, API documentation is itself a software product. Several research results show that bad design in API documentation can make the reuse of API features…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Junaed Younus Khan , Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker , Gias Uddin , Anindya Iqbal

Traditionally, energy efficiency research has focused on reducing energy consumption at the hardware level and, more recently, in the design and coding phases of the software development life cycle. However, software testing's impact on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Jiawei Li , Adithya Bhattiprolu , Yang Liu , Eduardo Almeida , Iftekhar Ahmed

High data quality is fundamental for today's AI-based systems. However, although data quality has been an object of research for decades, there is a clear lack of research on potential data quality issues (e.g., ambiguous, extraneous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Harald Foidl , Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

Code Smell, similar to a bad smell, is a surface indication of something tainted but in terms of software writing practices. This metric is an indication of a deeper problem lies within the code and is associated with an issue which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Tanmay G. Kulkarni , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti , Aneesh Krishna