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Recent advancements in natural language processing \cite{gpt2} \cite{BERT} have led to near-human performance in multiple natural language tasks. In this paper, we seek to understand whether similar techniques can be applied to a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Luis Perez , Lizi Ottens , Sudharshan Viswanathan

Large pretrained language models have shown surprising in-context learning (ICL) ability. With a few demonstration input-label pairs, they can predict the label for an unseen input without parameter updates. Despite the great success in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Damai Dai , Yutao Sun , Li Dong , Yaru Hao , Shuming Ma , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei

Fine-tuning over large pretrained language models (PLMs) has established many state-of-the-art results. Despite its superior performance, such fine-tuning can be unstable, resulting in significant variance in performance and potential risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Chenghao Yang , Xuezhe Ma

Pre-trained language models for code (PLMCs) have gained attention in recent research. These models are pre-trained on large-scale datasets using multi-modal objectives. However, fine-tuning them requires extensive supervision and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hung Quoc To , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Jin Guo , Tien N. Nguyen

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is used to specialize model behavior by training weights to produce intended target responses for queries. In contrast, In-Context Learning (ICL) adapts models during inference with instructions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aayush Mishra , Daniel Khashabi , Anqi Liu

Generally, the decoder-only large language models (LLMs) are adapted to context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) in a concatenating way, where LLMs take the concatenation of the source sentence (i.e., intra-sentence context) and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Xinglin Lyu , Junhui Li , Yanqing Zhao , Min Zhang , Daimeng Wei , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang , Min Zhang

While many languages possess processes of joining two or more words to create compound words, previous studies have been typically limited only to languages with excessively productive compound formation (e.g., German, Dutch) and there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Benjamin Minixhofer , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

In scenarios where language models must incorporate new information efficiently without extensive retraining, traditional fine-tuning methods are prone to overfitting, degraded generalization, and unnatural language generation. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Siyuan Qi , Bangcheng Yang , Kailin Jiang , Xiaobo Wang , Jiaqi Li , Yifan Zhong , Yaodong Yang , Zilong Zheng

Text embeddings are essential for many tasks, such as document retrieval, clustering, and semantic similarity assessment. In this paper, we study how to contrastively train text embedding models in a compute-optimal fashion, given a suite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Alicja Ziarko , Albert Q. Jiang , Bartosz Piotrowski , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik , Piotr Miłoś

Image-text retrieval requires the system to bridge the heterogenous gap between vision and language for accurate retrieval while keeping the network lightweight-enough for efficient retrieval. Existing trade-off solutions mainly study from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Jiamin Zhuang , Jing Yu , Yang Ding , Xiangyan Qu , Yue Hu

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate, impeding their reliability in mission-critical situations. One approach to address this issue is to provide citations to relevant sources alongside generated content, enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rami Aly , Zhiqiang Tang , Samson Tan , George Karypis

Transformer-based large language models exhibit in-context learning, enabling adaptation to downstream tasks via few-shot prompting with demonstrations. In practice, such models are often fine-tuned to improve zero-shot performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chungpa Lee , Jy-yong Sohn , Kangwook Lee

Previous low-light image enhancement (LLIE) approaches, while employing frequency decomposition techniques to address the intertwined challenges of low frequency (e.g., illumination recovery) and high frequency (e.g., noise reduction),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Kun Zhou , Xinyu Lin , Wenbo Li , Xiaogang Xu , Yuanhao Cai , Zhonghang Liu , Xiaoguang Han , Jiangbo Lu

There is currently a significant gap between the performance of fine-tuned models and prompting approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs) on the challenging task of text-to-SQL, as evaluated on datasets such as Spider. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have showcased a remarkable ability to extract transferable features for downstream tasks. Nonetheless, the training process of these models is usually based on a coarse-grained contrastive loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Ali Abdollah , Amirmohammad Izadi , Armin Saghafian , Reza Vahidimajd , Mohammad Mozafari , Amirreza Mirzaei , Mohammadmahdi Samiei , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Recent research in decoding methods for Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks has shown that MAP decoding is not optimal, because model probabilities do not always align with human preferences. Stronger decoding methods, including Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Mara Finkelstein , Subhajit Naskar , Mehdi Mirzazadeh , Apurva Shah , Markus Freitag

Large language models (LLMs) can perform a new task by merely conditioning on task instructions and a few input-output examples, without optimizing any parameters. This is called In-Context Learning (ICL). In-context Information Extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Chaoxu Pang , Yixuan Cao , Qiang Ding , Ping Luo

Alignment between image and text has shown promising improvements on patch-level pre-trained document image models. However, investigating more effective or finer-grained alignment techniques during pre-training requires a large amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Lei Wang , Jiabang He , Xing Xu , Ning Liu , Hui Liu