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With the escalating prevalence of malicious activities exploiting vulnerabilities in blockchain systems, there is an urgent requirement for robust attack detection mechanisms. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel…

Federated learning has been widely studied and applied to various scenarios. In mobile computing scenarios, federated learning protects users from exposing their private data, while cooperatively training the global model for a variety of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yuzheng Li , Chuan Chen , Nan Liu , Huawei Huang , Zibin Zheng , Qiang Yan

We present a passport-level trust token for Europe. In an era of escalating cyber threats fueled by global competition in economic, military, and technological domains, traditional security models are proving inadequate. The rise of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Adrian-Tudor Dumitrescu , Johan Pouwelse

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to significant data reliability and system transparency challenges, aggravated by the centralized nature of existing IoT architectures. This centralization often results in siloed…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Lorenzo Gigli , Ivan Zyrianoff , Federico Montori , Luca Sciullo , Carlos Kamienski , Marco Di Felice

Secure federated learning enables collaborative model training across decentralized users while preserving data privacy. A key component is secure aggregation, which keeps individual updates hidden from both the server and users, while also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Usayd Shahul , J. Harshan

The safety-critical scenarios of artificial intelligence (AI), such as autonomous driving, Internet of Things, smart healthcare, etc., have raised critical requirements of trustworthy AI to guarantee the privacy and security with reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhanpeng Yang , Yuanming Shi , Yong Zhou , Zixin Wang , Kai Yang

Federated learning is a novel framework that enables resource-constrained edge devices to jointly learn a model, which solves the problem of data protection and data islands. However, standard federated learning is vulnerable to Byzantine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kun Zhai , Qiang Ren , Junli Wang , Chungang Yan

Integrating sharded blockchain with IoT presents a solution for trust issues and optimized data flow. Sharding boosts blockchain scalability by dividing its nodes into parallel shards, yet it's vulnerable to the $1\%$ attacks where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Zixu Zhang , Guangsheng Yu , Caijun Sun , Xu Wang , Ying Wang , Ming Zhang , Wei Ni , Ren Ping Liu , Andrew Reeves , Nektarios Georgalas

This paper focuses on Zero-Trust Foundation Models (ZTFMs), a novel paradigm that embeds zero-trust security principles into the lifecycle of foundation models (FMs) for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. By integrating core tenets, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kai Li , Conggai Li , Xin Yuan , Shenghong Li , Sai Zou , Syed Sohail Ahmed , Wei Ni , Dusit Niyato , Abbas Jamalipour , Falko Dressler , Ozgur B. Akan

The escalating complexity of cybersecurity threats necessitates innovative approaches to safeguard digital assets and sensitive information. The Zero Trust paradigm offers a transformative solution by challenging conventional security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Saeid Ghasemshirazi , Ghazaleh Shirvani , Mohammad Ali Alipour

Federated unlearning is a promising paradigm for protecting the data ownership of distributed clients. It allows central servers to remove historical data effects within the machine learning model as well as address the "right to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yijing Lin , Zhipeng Gao , Hongyang Du , Jinke Ren , Zhiqiang Xie , Dusit Niyato

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the shift from the traditional perimeter model of security to the Zero Trust (ZT) framework, emphasizing the key points in the transition and the practical application of ZT. It outlines the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Abraham Itzhak Weinberg , Kelly Cohen

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) facilitate decentralized computations across trust boundaries. However, ensuring complex computations with low gas fees and confidentiality remains challenging. Recent advances in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fernando Castillo , Jonathan Heiss , Sebastian Werner , Stefan Tai

Industrial and medical anomaly detection faces critical challenges from data scarcity and prohibitive annotation costs, particularly in evolving manufacturing and healthcare settings. To address this, we propose CoZAD, a novel zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Muhammad Aqeel , Danijel Skocaj , Marco Cristani , Francesco Setti

The Sixth Generation (6G) network is a platform for the fusion of the physical and virtual worlds. It will integrate processing, communication, intelligence, sensing, and storage of things. All devices and their virtual counterparts will…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Ismaeel Al Ridhawi , Safa Otoum , Moayad Aloqaily

Over the past decade, blockchain technology has attracted a huge attention from both industry and academia because it can be integrated with a large number of everyday applications of modern information and communication technologies (ICT).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Muneeb Ul Hassan , Mubashir Husain Rehmani , Jinjun Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm, which enables multiple and decentralized clients to collaboratively train a model under the orchestration of a central aggregator. FL can be a scalable machine learning solution in big…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zhipeng Wang , Nanqing Dong , Jiahao Sun , William Knottenbelt , Yike Guo

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded opportunities for innovation but also increased exposure to botnet-driven cyberattacks. Conventional detection methods often struggle with scalability, privacy, and adaptability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Taha M. Mahmoud , Naima Kaabouch

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a significant challenge: the exhausting of publicly available fresh data. This is because training a LLM needs a large demanding of new data. Federated learning emerges as a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xuhan Zuo , Minghao Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Dayong Ye , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a key paradigm for building Trustworthy AI systems by enabling privacy-preserving, decentralized model training. However, FL is highly susceptible to adversarial attacks that compromise model integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Mario García-Márquez , Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso , M. Victoria Luzón , Francisco Herrera