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Bayesian and frequentist methods differ in many aspects, but share some basic optimality properties. In practice, there are situations in which one of the methods is more preferred by some criteria. We consider the case of inference about a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-25 Ao Yuan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity as a means of scaling the capacity of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining sparse activations and reduced per-token compute. However, in memory-constrained inference settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vivan Madan , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele , Tom Goldstein , Ashwinee Panda

We present Bayesian Mixture of Experts (Bayesian-MoE), a post-hoc uncertainty estimation framework for fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) based on Mixture-of-Experts architectures. Our method applies a structured Laplace approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Maryam Dialameh , Hossein Rajabzadeh , Weiwei Zhang , Walid Ahmed , Hyock Ju Kwon

We observe that incorporating a shared layer in a mixture-of-experts can lead to performance degradation. This leads us to hypothesize that learning shared features poses challenges in deep learning, potentially caused by the same feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sejik Park

A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Billy Peralta

Deep mixture-of-experts models have attracted a lot of attention for survival analysis problems, particularly for their ability to cluster similar patients together. In practice, grouping often comes at the expense of key metrics such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Todd Morrill , Aahlad Puli , Murad Megjhani , Soojin Park , Richard Zemel

Federated learning brings potential benefits of faster learning, better solutions, and a greater propensity to transfer when heterogeneous data from different parties increases diversity. However, because federated learning tasks tend to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Duc Thien Nguyen , Shiau Hoong Lim , Laura Wynter , Desmond Cai

Attempts to replicate probabilistic reasoning in expert systems have typically overlooked a critical ingredient of that process. Probabilistic analysis typically requires extensive judgments regarding interdependencies among hypotheses and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Marvin S. Cohen

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become a fundamental building block in state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), improving domain-specific expertise in LLMs and scaling model capacity without proportionally increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ankit Jyothish , Ali Jannesari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Joseph Zuber

Large datasets make it possible to build predictive models that can capture heterogenous relationships between the response variable and features. The mixture of high-dimensional linear experts model posits that observations come from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Adel Javanmard , Simeng Shao , Jacob Bien

Combining the strengths of many existing predictors to obtain a Mixture of Experts which is superior to its individual components is an effective way to improve the performance without having to develop new architectures or train a model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Kemal Oksuz , Selim Kuzucu , Tom Joy , Puneet K. Dokania

Bayesian experts who are exposed to different evidence often make contradictory probabilistic forecasts. An aggregator, ignorant of the underlying model, uses this to calculate her own forecast. We use the notions of scoring rules and…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-13 Itai Areili , Yakov Babichenko , Rann Smorodinsky

Mixture of experts (MoE) models are a class of artificial neural networks that can be used for functional approximation and probabilistic modeling. An important class of MoE models is the class of mixture of linear experts (MoLE) models,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-29 Hien D. Nguyen , Faicel Chamroukhi , Florence Forbes

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Mixtures of Experts combine the outputs of several "expert" networks, each of which specializes in a different part of the input space. This is achieved by training a "gating" network that maps each input to a distribution over the experts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-11 David Eigen , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Ilya Sutskever

In this paper, we propose novel Gaussian process-gated hierarchical mixtures of experts (GPHMEs). Unlike other mixtures of experts with gating models linear in the input, our model employs gating functions built with Gaussian processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yuhao Liu , Marzieh Ajirak , Petar Djuric

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have become central to scaling large language models, yet their mechanistic differences from dense networks remain poorly understood. Previous work has explored how dense models use \textit{superposition} to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Marmik Chaudhari , Jeremi Nuer , Rome Thorstenson

Bayesian model averaging enables one to combine the disparate predictions of a number of models in a coherent fashion, leading to superior predictive performance. The improvement in performance arises from averaging models that make…

Applications · Statistics 2011-08-01 Qingzhao Yu , Steven N. MacEachern , Mario Peruggia

This work proposes a new data-driven model devised to integrate process knowledge into its structure to increase the human-machine synergy in the process industry. The proposed Contextual Mixture of Experts (cMoE) explicitly uses process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Francisco Souza , Tim Offermans , Ruud Barendse , Geert Postma , Jeroen Jansen

Mixtures of Gaussian process experts is a class of models that can simultaneously address two of the key limitations inherent in standard Gaussian processes: scalability and predictive performance. In particular, models that use Dirichlet…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-09 Yuji Saikai , Khue-Dung Dang