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Recent breakthroughs in self-supervised learning show that such algorithms learn visual representations that can be transferred better to unseen tasks than joint-training methods relying on task-specific supervision. In this paper, we found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Hyuntak Cha , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

The primary goal of reinforcement learning is to develop decision-making policies that prioritize optimal performance, frequently without considering safety. In contrast, safe reinforcement learning seeks to reduce or avoid unsafe behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zahra Shahrooei , Ali Baheri

Temporal difference learning (TD) is a foundational concept in reinforcement learning (RL), aimed at efficiently assessing a policy's value function. TD($\lambda$), a potent variant, incorporates a memory trace to distribute the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Jianfei Ma

Tremendous progress has been made in visual representation learning, notably with the recent success of self-supervised contrastive learning methods. Supervised contrastive learning has also been shown to outperform its cross-entropy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Ashraful Islam , Chun-Fu Chen , Rameswar Panda , Leonid Karlinsky , Richard Radke , Rogerio Feris

Contrastive learning has become an important tool in learning representations from unlabeled data mainly relying on the idea of minimizing distance between positive data pairs, e.g., views from the same images, and maximizing distance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Nina Shvetsova , Felix Petersen , Anna Kukleva , Bernt Schiele , Hilde Kuehne

Contrastive learning is among the most popular and powerful approaches for self-supervised representation learning, where the goal is to map semantically similar samples close together while separating dissimilar ones in the latent space.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-03 Ali Alvandi , Mina Rezaei

Contrastive learning has revolutionized self-supervised image representation learning field, and recently been adapted to video domain. One of the greatest advantages of contrastive learning is that it allows us to flexibly define powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Haofei Kuang , Yi Zhu , Zhi Zhang , Xinyu Li , Joseph Tighe , Sören Schwertfeger , Cyrill Stachniss , Mu Li

Contrastive self-supervised learning methods famously produce high quality transferable representations by learning invariances to different data augmentations. Invariances established during pre-training can be interpreted as strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ruchika Chavhan , Henry Gouk , Jan Stuehmer , Calum Heggan , Mehrdad Yaghoobi , Timothy Hospedales

Multi-modal contrastive learning as a self-supervised representation learning technique has achieved great success in foundation model training, such as CLIP~\citep{radford2021learning}. In this paper, we study the theoretical properties of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Yu Gui , Cong Ma , Zongming Ma

Long-tailed distributions frequently emerge in real-world data, where a large number of minority categories contain a limited number of samples. Such imbalance issue considerably impairs the performance of standard supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable empirical success, often producing representations that rival supervised pre-training on downstream tasks. Recent theory explains this by showing that the CL loss closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Achleshwar Luthra , Priyadarsi Mishra , Tomer Galanti

Solving a reinforcement learning (RL) problem poses two competing challenges: fitting a potentially discontinuous value function, and generalizing well to new observations. In this paper, we analyze the learning dynamics of temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Clare Lyle , Mark Rowland , Will Dabney , Marta Kwiatkowska , Yarin Gal

Biologically inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered considerable attention due to their low-energy consumption and spatio-temporal information processing capabilities. Most existing SNNs training methods first integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Haonan Qiu , Zeyin Song , Yanqi Chen , Munan Ning , Wei Fang , Tao Sun , Zhengyu Ma , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

In the face of rapidly accumulating genomic data, our understanding of the RNA regulatory code remains incomplete. Recent self-supervised methods in other domains have demonstrated the ability to learn rules underlying the data-generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Philip Fradkin , Ruian Shi , Bo Wang , Brendan Frey , Leo J. Lee

Representation learning for time series using contrastive learning has emerged as a critical technique for improving the performance of downstream tasks. To advance this effective approach, we introduce CaTT (\textit{Contrast All The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Abdul-Kazeem Shamba , Kerstin Bach , Gavin Taylor

Multivariate time series are ubiquitous objects in signal processing. Measuring a distance or similarity between two such objects is of prime interest in a variety of applications, including machine learning, but can be very difficult as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-02 Titouan Vayer , Romain Tavenard , Laetitia Chapel , Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Yann Soullard

In step with the digitalization of transportation, we are witnessing a growing range of path-based smart-city applications, e.g., travel-time estimation and travel path ranking. A temporal path(TP) that includes temporal information, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Sean Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo , Jilin Hu , Bin Yang , Jian Tang , Christian S. Jensen

Recently, contrastive learning has risen to be a promising approach for large-scale self-supervised learning. However, theoretical understanding of how it works is still unclear. In this paper, we propose a new guarantee on the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Yisen Wang , Jiansheng Yang , Zhouchen Lin

A common optimization tool used in deep reinforcement learning is momentum, which consists in accumulating and discounting past gradients, reapplying them at each iteration. We argue that, unlike in supervised learning, momentum in Temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

We investigate the statistical properties of Temporal Difference (TD) learning with Polyak-Ruppert averaging, arguably one of the most widely used algorithms in reinforcement learning, for the task of estimating the parameters of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-25 Weichen Wu , Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Alessandro Rinaldo