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The preparation of quantum states using short quantum circuits is one of the most promising near-term applications of small quantum computers, especially if the circuit is short enough and the fidelity of gates high enough that it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 D. Wecker , M. B. Hastings , M. Troyer

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm suitable for near-term quantum machines. VQE aims to approximate the lowest eigenvalue of an exponentially sized matrix in polynomial time. It minimizes quantum resource…

We describe the contextual subspace variational quantum eigensolver (CS-VQE), a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for approximating the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian. The approximation to the ground state energy is obtained as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 William M. Kirby , Andrew Tranter , Peter J. Love

A common challenge faced in quantum physics is finding the extremal eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hamiltonian matrix in a vector space so large that linear algebra operations on general vectors are not possible. There are numerous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-07-18 Dillon Frame , Rongzheng He , Ilse Ipsen , Daniel Lee , Dean Lee , Ermal Rrapaj

In the current noisy intermediate scale quantum era of quantum computation, available hardware is severely limited by both qubit count and noise levels, precluding the application of many current hybrid quantum-classical algorithms to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Maria-Andreea Filip

The determination of ground state properties of quantum systems is a fundamental problem in physics and chemistry, and is considered a key application of quantum computers. A common approach is to prepare a trial ground state on the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Harish J. Vallury , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for low-lying eigenstates calculation on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Specifically, VQE has achieved great success for ground state…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Hengzhun Chen , Yingzhou Li , Bichen Lu , Jianfeng Lu

Quantum simulations are bound to be one of the main applications of near-term quantum computers. Quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics are expected to benefit from these technological developments. Several quantum simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-04 Pierre-Luc Dallaire-Demers , Jonathan Romero , Libor Veis , Sukin Sim , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Decoherence errors arising from noisy environments remain a central obstacle to progress in quantum computation and information processing. Quantum error correction (QEC) based on the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) protocol offers a…

The preparation of Hamiltonian eigenstates is essential for many applications in quantum computing; the efficiency with which this can be done is of key interest. A canonical approach exploits the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithm.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 Richard Meister , Simon C. Benjamin

Solving electronic structure problems is considered one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. However, due to limitations imposed by the coherence time of qubits in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era or the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Shuo Sun , Chandan Kumar , Kevin Shen , Elvira Shishenina , Christian B. Mendl

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) faces significant challenges due to hardware noise and the presence of barren plateaus and local traps in the optimization landscape. To mitigate the detrimental effects of these issues, we introduce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Chayan Patra , Rahul Maitra

We propose a new approach to improve the accuracy of ground state estimates in Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithms by employing subspace representations with soft-coded orthogonality constraints. As in other subspace-based VQE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Giuseppe Clemente , Marco Intini

One of the most promising applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers is the simulation of molecular Hamiltonians using the variational quantum eigensolver. We show that encoding symmetries of the simulated Hamiltonian in the…

We propose quantum-selected configuration interaction (QSCI), a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for calculating the ground- and excited-state energies of many-electron Hamiltonians on noisy quantum devices. Suppose that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Keita Kanno , Masaya Kohda , Ryosuke Imai , Sho Koh , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Yuya O. Nakagawa

Quantum state preparation, a crucial subroutine in quantum computing, involves generating a target quantum state from initialized qubits. Arbitrary state preparation algorithms can be broadly categorized into arithmetic decomposition (AD)…

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine in many quantum algorithms. The goal is to encode classical information directly to the quantum state so that it is possible to leverage quantum algorithms for data processing. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Oskari Kerppo , William Steadman , Ossi Niemimäki , Valtteri Lahtinen

By design, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) strives to recover the lowest-energy eigenvalue of a given Hamiltonian by preparing quantum states guided by the variational principle. In practice, the prepared quantum state is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Daniel Claudino , Jerimiah Wright , Alexander J. McCaskey , Travis S. Humble

Determining low-energy eigenstates in electronic many-body quantum systems is a key challenge in computational chemistry and condensed-matter physics. Hybrid quantum-classical approaches, such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Hamzat A. Akande , Alexandre Perrin , Bruno Senjean , Matthieu Saubanere

We present a recurrent neural network-based approach for ground state preparation utilizing mid-circuit measurement and feedback. Unlike previous methods that use machine learning solely as an optimizer, our approach dynamically adjusts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Chuanxin Wang , Yi-Zhuang You