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While tremendous research has revealed that symmetry enriches topological phases of matter, more general principles that protect topological phases have yet to be explored. In this Letter, we elucidate the roles of subspaces in…
We investigate the higher-order connectivity of scale-free networks using algebraic topology. We model scale-free networks as preferential attachment graphs, and we study the algebraic-topological properties of their clique complexes. We…
The observation, design and analysis of mesh-like networks in bionics, polymer physics and biological systems has brought forward an extensive catalog of fascinating structures of which a subgroup share a particular, yet critically under…
This paper first gives a necessary and sufficient condition that a lattice $L$ can be represented as the collection of all up-sets of a poset. Applying the condition, it obtains a necessary and sufficient condition that a lattice can be…
An $N$-free poset is a poset whose comparability graph does not embed an induced path with four vertices. We use the well-quasi-order property of the class of countable $N$-free posets and some labelled ordered trees to show that a…
A hole is a chordless cycle with at least four vertices. A pan is a graph which consists of a hole and a single vertex with precisely one neighbor on the hole. An even hole is a hole with an even number of vertices. We prove that a (pan,…
We summarize some facts on chains (totally ordered sets), from an order-theoretic and from a topological point of view. We highlight the fact that many classical theorems that are true for partially ordered sets under some completeness…
The senses of a word exhibit rich internal structure. In a typical lexicon, this structure is overlooked: a word's senses are encoded as a list without inter-sense relations. We present ChainNet, a lexical resource which for the first time…
An accurate implicit description of geometries is enabled by the level-set method. Level-set data is given at the nodes of a higher-order background mesh and the interpolated zero-level sets imply boundaries of the domain or interfaces…
In this work, we introduce a new type of topological order which is protected by subsystem symmetries which act on lower dimensional subsets of lattice many-body system, e.g. along lines or planes in a three dimensional system. The symmetry…
The main aim of this paper is to provide a description of neighbourhood operators in finitely complete categories with finite coproducts and a proper factorisation system such that the semilattice of admissible subobjects make a…
We study chains in an $H$-closed topological partially ordered space. We give sufficient conditions for a maximal chain $L$ in an $H$-closed topological partially ordered space such that $L$ contains a maximal (minimal) element. Also we…
We consider some distinguished classes of elements of a multiplicative lattice endowed with coarse lower topologies, and call them lower spaces. The primary objective of this paper is to study the topological properties of these lower…
We introduce the Insertion Chain Complex, a higher-dimensional extension of insertion graphs, as a new framework for analyzing finite sets of words. We study its topological and combinatorial properties, in particular its homology groups,…
A closed-form formula is derived for the number of occurrences of matches of a multiset of patterns among all ordered (plane-planted) trees with a given number of edges. A pattern looks like a tree, with internal nodes and leaves, but also…
In this paper, we introduce a geometric structure called top, which is a trivialized bundle of plane pencils over a Riemannian 3-manifold, defined as the set of kernels of a circle of 1-forms (e.g. of contact and integrable forms) with…
In an affiliation network vertices are linked to attributes and two vertices are declared adjacent whenever they share a common attribute. For example, two customers of an internet shop are called adjacent if they have purchased the same or…
Abstract separation systems provide a simple general framework in which both tree-shape and high cohesion of many combinatorial structures can be expressed, and their duality proved. Applications range from tangle-type duality and tree…
We generalize the degree-organizational view of real-world networks with broad degree-distributions in a landscape analogue with mountains (high-degree nodes) and valleys (low-degree nodes). For example, correlated degrees between adjacent…
In these expository notes, intended for students without background in point-set topology, we develop the basic theory of the Stone-Cech compactification without reference to open sets, closed sets, filters, or nets. In particular, this…