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We consider the properties of the bootstrap as a tool for inference concerning the eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix computed from an $n\times p$ data matrix $X$. We focus on the modern framework where $p/n$ is not close to 0 but…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-03 Noureddine El Karoui , Elizabeth Purdom

Statistics derived from the eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices are called spectral statistics, and they play a central role in multivariate testing. Although bootstrap methods are an established approach to approximating the laws of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-21 Miles Lopes , Andrew Blandino , Alexander Aue

In the context of principal components analysis (PCA), the bootstrap is commonly applied to solve a variety of inference problems, such as constructing confidence intervals for the eigenvalues of the population covariance matrix $\Sigma$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Junwen Yao , Miles E. Lopes

The bootstrap is a popular data-driven method to quantify statistical uncertainty, but for modern high-dimensional problems, it could suffer from huge computational costs due to the need to repeatedly generate resamples and refit models. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Henry Lam , Zhenyuan Liu

Although there is an extensive literature on the eigenvalues of high-dimensional sample covariance matrices, much of it is specialized to independent components (IC) models -- in which observations are represented as linear transformations…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Siyao Wang , Miles E. Lopes

In recent years, bootstrap methods have drawn attention for their ability to approximate the laws of "max statistics" in high-dimensional problems. A leading example of such a statistic is the coordinate-wise maximum of a sample average of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Miles E. Lopes , Zhenhua Lin , Hans-Georg Mueller

Spectral analysis plays a crucial role in high-dimensional statistics, where determining the asymptotic distribution of various spectral statistics remains a challenging task. Due to the difficulties of deriving the analytic form, recent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Guoyu Zhang , Dandan Jiang , Fang Yao

The paper considers simultaneous nonparametric inference for a wide class of M-regression models with time-varying coefficients. The covariates and errors of the regression model are tackled as a general class of nonstationary time series…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-10 Miaoshiqi Liu , Zhou Zhou

The bootstrap provides a simple and powerful means of assessing the quality of estimators. However, in settings involving large datasets---which are increasingly prevalent---the computation of bootstrap-based quantities can be prohibitively…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-06-29 Ariel Kleiner , Ameet Talwalkar , Purnamrita Sarkar , Michael I. Jordan

Bootstrapping is often applied to get confidence limits for semiparametric inference of a target parameter in the presence of nuisance parameters. Bootstrapping with replacement can be computationally expensive and problematic when…

This paper investigates the central limit theorem for linear spectral statistics of high dimensional sample covariance matrices of the form $\mathbf{B}_n=n^{-1}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\mathbf{Q}\mathbf{x}_j\mathbf{x}_j^{*}\mathbf{Q}^{*}$ where…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Shurong Zheng , Zhidong Bai , Jianfeng Yao , Hongtu Zhu

The bootstrap is a widely used procedure for statistical inference because of its simplicity and attractive statistical properties. However, the vanilla version of bootstrap is no longer feasible computationally for many modern massive…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-16 Yingying Ma , Chenlei Leng , Hansheng Wang

Let $\mathbf{Q}=(Q_1,\ldots,Q_n)$ be a random vector drawn from the uniform distribution on the set of all $n!$ permutations of $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Let $\mathbf{Z}=(Z_1,\ldots,Z_n)$, where $Z_j$ is the mean zero variance one random variable…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-18 Zhigang Bao , Liang-Ching Lin , Guangming Pan , Wang Zhou

This paper considers a new bootstrap procedure to estimate the distribution of high-dimensional $\ell_p$-statistics, i.e. the $\ell_p$-norms of the sum of $n$ independent $d$-dimensional random vectors with $d \gg n$ and $p \in [1,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Alexander Giessing , Jianqing Fan

Eigenspaces of covariance matrices play an important role in statistical machine learning, arising in variety of modern algorithms. Quantitatively, it is convenient to describe the eigenspaces in terms of spectral projectors. This work…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Igor Silin , Jianqing Fan

A key tool to carry out inference on the unknown copula when modeling a continuous multivariate distribution is a nonparametric estimator known as the empirical copula. One popular way of approximating its sampling distribution consists of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Ivan Kojadinovic , Kristina Stemikovskaya

Multivariate time series present many challenges, especially when they are high dimensional. The paper's focus is twofold. First, we address the subject of consistently estimating the autocovariance sequence; this is a sequence of matrices…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Carsten Jentsch , Dimitris N. Politis

We consider the problem of testing the mean of high-dimensional data when the dimension may grow without explicit rate restrictions relative to the sample size. The proposed procedure is based on the statistic V_n = n||Xn||^2, which avoids…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Dietmar Ferger

While widely used as a general method for uncertainty quantification, the bootstrap method encounters difficulties that raise concerns about its validity in practical applications. This paper introduces a new resampling-based method, termed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-30 Yiran Jiang , Chuanhai Liu , Heping Zhang

Under certain conditions, the largest eigenvalue of a sample covariance matrix undergoes a well-known phase transition when the sample size $n$ and data dimension $p$ diverge proportionally. In the subcritical regime, this eigenvalue has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Nina Dörnemann , Miles E. Lopes
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