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Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) is a powerful strategy in computational drug discovery, utilizing three-dimensional protein structures to guide the design of molecules with improved binding affinity. However, capturing complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Long Xu , Yongcai Chen , Fengshuo Liu , Yuzhong Peng

Binding affinity optimization is crucial in early-stage drug discovery. While numerous machine learning methods exist for predicting ligand potency, their comparative efficacy remains unclear. This study evaluates the performance of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-30 Nikolai Schapin , Carles Navarro , Albert Bou , Gianni De Fabritiis

Predicting the binding structure of a small molecule ligand to a protein -- a task known as molecular docking -- is critical to drug design. Recent deep learning methods that treat docking as a regression problem have decreased runtime…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-14 Gabriele Corso , Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Generative models have recently undergone significant advancement due to the diffusion models. The success of these models can be often attributed to their use of guidance techniques, such as classifier or classifier-free guidance, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Gyeongnyeon Kim , Wooseok Jang , Gyuseong Lee , Susung Hong , Junyoung Seo , Seungryong Kim

Diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional efficacy in various generative applications. While existing models focus on minimizing a weighted sum of denoising score matching losses for data distribution modeling, their training primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Ling Yang , Haotian Qian , Zhilong Zhang , Jingwei Liu , Bin Cui

Molecular docking, a key technique in structure-based drug design, plays pivotal roles in protein-ligand interaction modeling, hit identification and optimization, in which accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding mode is essential.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-20 Jintao Zhu , Zhonghui Gu , Jianfeng Pei , Luhua Lai

In this work, we propose a novel framework to enable diffusion models to adapt their generation quality based on real-time network bandwidth constraints. Traditional diffusion models produce high-fidelity images by performing a fixed number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xi Zhang , Hanwei Zhu , Yan Zhong , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

Breakthroughs in high-accuracy protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold, have established receptor-based molecule design as a critical driver for rapid early-phase drug discovery. However, most approaches still struggle to balance…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-18 Dong Xu , Zhangfan Yang , Ka-chun Wong , Zexuan Zhu , Jiangqiang Li , Junkai Ji

Accurately predicting the binding conformation of small-molecule ligands to protein targets is a critical step in rational drug design. Although recent deep learning-based docking surpasses traditional methods in speed and accuracy, many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Liyan Jia , Chuan-Xian Ren , Hong Yan

Structure-Based drug design (SBDD) has emerged as a popular approach in drug discovery, leveraging three-dimensional protein structures to generate drug ligands. However, existing generative models encounter several key challenges: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qingsong Zhong , Haomin Yu , Yan Lin , Wangmeng Shen , Long Zeng , Jilin Hu

Currently, the field of structure-based drug design is dominated by three main types of algorithms: search-based algorithms, deep generative models, and reinforcement learning. While existing works have typically focused on comparing models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Kangyu Zheng , Yingzhou Lu , Zaixi Zhang , Zhongwei Wan , Yao Ma , Marinka Zitnik , Tianfan Fu

Recently, 3D generative models have shown promising performances in structure-based drug design by learning to generate ligands given target binding sites. However, only modeling the target-ligand distribution can hardly fulfill one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Xiangxin Zhou , Xiwei Cheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Traditional drug design faces significant challenges due to inherent chemical and biological complexities, often resulting in high failure rates in clinical trials. Deep learning advancements, particularly generative models, offer potential…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-27 Mahsa Sheikholeslami , Navid Mazrouei , Yousof Gheisari , Afshin Fasihi , Matin Irajpour , Ali Motahharynia

We propose LOGDIFF (Logical Guidance for the Exact Composition of Diffusion Models), a guidance framework for diffusion models that enables principled constrained generation with complex logical expressions at inference time. We study when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Francesco Alesiani , Jonathan Warrell , Tanja Bien , Henrik Christiansen , Matheus Ferraz , Mathias Niepert

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) focuses on designing small-molecule ligands that bind to specific protein pockets. Computational methods are integral in modern SBDD workflows and often make use of virtual screening methods via docking or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ian Dunn , Liv Toft , Tyler Katz , Juhi Gupta , Riya Shah , Ramith Hettiarachchi , David R. Koes

We present PepEDiff, a novel peptide binder generator that designs binding sequences given a target receptor protein sequence and its pocket residues. Peptide binder generation is critical in therapeutic and biochemical applications, yet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Po-Yu Liang , Tibo Duran , Jun Bai

Ligand molecule conformation generation is a critical challenge in drug discovery. Deep learning models have been developed to tackle this problem, particularly through the use of generative models in recent years. However, these models…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-02 Jiamin Wu , He Cao , Yuan Yao

Identifying novel drug-target interactions (DTI) is a critical and rate limiting step in drug discovery. While deep learning models have been proposed to accelerate the identification process, we show that state-of-the-art models fail to…

Training-free diffusion guidance offers a flexible framework for leveraging off-the-shelf classifiers without additional training. Yet, current approaches hinge on posterior approximations via Tweedie's formula, which often yield unreliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Van Khoa Nguyen , Lionel Blondé , Alexandros Kalousis

Structure-based drug design aims at generating high affinity ligands with prior knowledge of 3D target structures. Existing methods either use conditional generative model to learn the distribution of 3D ligands given target binding sites,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 Yuwei Yang , Siqi Ouyang , Xueyu Hu , Mingyue Zheng , Hao Zhou , Lei Li