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In recent years, instruction tuning has gained increasing attention and emerged as a crucial technique to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To construct high-quality instruction datasets, many instruction processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yixin Ou , Ningyu Zhang , Honghao Gui , Ziwen Xu , Shuofei Qiao , Yida Xue , Runnan Fang , Kangwei Liu , Lei Li , Zhen Bi , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is crucial in adapting large language model (LLMs) to a specific domain or task. However, only a limited amount of labeled data is available in practical applications, which poses a severe challenge for SFT in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Junyu Luo , Xiao Luo , Xiusi Chen , Zhiping Xiao , Wei Ju , Ming Zhang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT), supervised instruction tuning (SIT) and in-context learning (ICL) are three alternative, de facto standard approaches to few-shot learning. ICL has gained popularity recently with the advent of LLMs due to its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Parameter Efficient Finetuning (PEFT) has emerged as a viable solution for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without requiring massive resources and compute. Prior work on multilingual evaluation has shown that there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Ishaan Watts , Sunayana Sitaram

Fine-tuning multilingual sequence-to-sequence large language models (msLLMs) has shown promise in developing neural machine translation (NMT) systems for low-resource languages (LRLs). However, conventional single-stage fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Sarubi Thillainathan , Songchen Yuan , En-Shiun Annie Lee , Sanath Jayasena , Surangika Ranathunga

Proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional capabilities in handling a diverse range of tasks. Recent studies demonstrate that open-sourced smaller foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Deng Cai , Xinting Huang , Tao Fang , Wei Bi

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in real-world applications, yet existing open-source instruction datasets often concentrate on narrow domains, such as mathematics or coding, limiting generalization and widening…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jijie Li , Li Du , Hanyu Zhao , Bo-wen Zhang , Liangdong Wang , Boyan Gao , Guang Liu , Yonghua Lin

A common challenge towards the adaptability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to learn new languages over time without hampering the model's performance on languages in which the model is already proficient (usually English).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Sankarshan Damle , Navin Goyal , Satya Lokam , Sunayana Sitaram

One core capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is to follow natural language instructions. However, the evaluation of such abilities is not standardized: Human evaluations are expensive, slow, and not objectively reproducible, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Jeffrey Zhou , Tianjian Lu , Swaroop Mishra , Siddhartha Brahma , Sujoy Basu , Yi Luan , Denny Zhou , Le Hou

Due to limited supervised training data, large language models (LLMs) are typically pre-trained via a self-supervised "predict the next word" objective on a vast amount of unstructured text data. To make the resulting model useful to users,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ajay Patel , Colin Raffel , Chris Callison-Burch

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited significant potential in performing diverse tasks, including the ability to call functions or use external tools to enhance their performance. While current research on function calling by LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingyang Chen , Haoze Sun , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Hao Liang , Keer Lu , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang , Zenan Zhou , Weipeng Chen

Instruction following is a core capability of modern Large language models (LLMs), making evaluating this capability essential to understanding these models. The Instruction Following Evaluation (IFEval) benchmark from the literature does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Antoine Dussolle , Andrea Cardeña Díaz , Shota Sato , Peter Devine

Instruction fine-tuning (IFT) elicits instruction following capabilities and steers the behavior of large language models (LLMs) via supervised learning. However, existing models trained on open-source IFT datasets only have the ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Kuan Wang , Alexander Bukharin , Haoming Jiang , Qingyu Yin , Zhengyang Wang , Tuo Zhao , Jingbo Shang , Chao Zhang , Bing Yin , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Shiyang Li

This paper presents a study on strategies to enhance the translation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in the context of machine translation (MT) tasks. The paper proposes a novel paradigm consisting of three stages: Secondary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jiaxin Guo , Hao Yang , Zongyao Li , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Xiaoyu Chen

Instruction tuning is a crucial technique for aligning language models with humans' actual goals in the real world. Extensive research has highlighted the quality of instruction data is essential for the success of this alignment. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Zhi Li , Feng Tao , Yicheng Li , Hao Chen , Fei Yu , Yin Zhang

Mathematical reasoning continues to be a critical challenge in large language model (LLM) development with significant interest. However, most of the cutting-edge progress in mathematical reasoning with LLMs has become \emph{closed-source}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shubham Toshniwal , Wei Du , Ivan Moshkov , Branislav Kisacanin , Alexan Ayrapetyan , Igor Gitman

Solving complex mathematical problems via system-2 reasoning is a natural human skill, yet it remains a significant challenge for current large language models (LLMs). We identify the scarcity of deliberate multi-step reasoning data as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Huanqia Cai , Yijun Yang , Zhifeng Li

Continual learning enables AI systems to acquire new knowledge while retaining previously learned information. While traditional unimodal methods have made progress, the rise of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) brings new challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haiyang Guo , Fei Zhu , Hongbo Zhao , Fanhu Zeng , Wenzhuo Liu , Shijie Ma , Da-Han Wang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Widely used language models (LMs) are typically built by scaling up a two-stage training pipeline: a pre-training stage that uses a very large, diverse dataset of text and a fine-tuning (sometimes, 'alignment') stage that uses targeted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Eric Mitchell , Rafael Rafailov , Archit Sharma , Chelsea Finn , Christopher D. Manning

Instruction-tuned large language models have revolutionized natural language processing and have shown great potential in applications such as conversational agents. These models, such as GPT-4, can not only master language but also solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yew Ken Chia , Pengfei Hong , Lidong Bing , Soujanya Poria