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Marketing Mix Modeling (MMM) estimates the impact of marketing activities on business outcomes such as sales or revenue. Traditional MMM approaches rely on linear regression or Bayesian hierarchical models that assume channel independence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Aditya Puttaparthi Tirumala

A major limitation of machine learning (ML) prediction models is that they recover associational, rather than causal, predictive relationships between variables. In high-stakes automation applications of ML this is problematic, as the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jianqiao Mao , Max A. Little

Marketing mix modeling (MMM) is a widely used method to assess the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and optimize marketing strategies. Bayesian MMM is an advanced approach that allows for the incorporation of prior information,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-03 Roy Ravid

Causal Machine Learning (CausalML) is an umbrella term for machine learning methods that formalize the data-generation process as a structural causal model (SCM). This perspective enables us to reason about the effects of changes to this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jean Kaddour , Aengus Lynch , Qi Liu , Matt J. Kusner , Ricardo Silva

Sound and complete algorithms have been proposed to compute identifiable causal queries using the causal structure and data. However, most of these algorithms assume accurate estimation of the data distribution, which is impractical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Md Musfiqur Rahman , Murat Kocaoglu

Evaluating the return on ad spend (ROAS), the causal effect of advertising on sales, is critical to advertisers for understanding the performance of their existing marketing strategy as well as how to improve and optimize it. Media Mix…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-10 Aiyou Chen , David Chan , Mike Perry , Yuxue Jin , Yunting Sun , Yueqing Wang , Jim Koehler

Causal learning has long concerned itself with the accurate recovery of underlying causal mechanisms. Such causal modelling enables better explanations of out-of-distribution data. Prior works on causal learning assume that the high-level…

The field of causal Machine Learning (ML) has made significant strides in recent years. Notable breakthroughs include methods such as meta learners (arXiv:1706.03461v6) and heterogeneous doubly robust estimators (arXiv:2004.14497)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kaihua Ding , Jingsong Cui , Mohammad Soltani , Jing Jin

Scaling laws have allowed Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) into the field of causal reasoning. Causal reasoning of PLM relies solely on text-based descriptions, in contrast to causal discovery which aims to determine the causal…

Causal machine learning (ML) recovers graphical structures that inform us about potential cause-and-effect relationships. Most progress has focused on cross-sectional data with no explicit time order, whereas recovering causal structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bruno Petrungaro , Anthony C. Constantinou

Recent years have seen a resurgence in interest in marketing mix models (MMMs), which are aggregate-level models of marketing effectiveness. Often these models incorporate nonlinear effects, and either implicitly or explicitly assume that…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-15 Ryan Dew , Nicolas Padilla , Anya Shchetkina

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in decision-making due to the vast amount of knowledge stored within the models. However, these pre-trained models are prone to lack reasoning abilities and are difficult to adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wei Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Haipeng Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhifeng Hao , Keli Zhang , Junjian Ye , Ruichu Cai

Causal machine learning (ML) algorithms recover graphical structures that tell us something about cause-and-effect relationships. The causal representation praovided by these algorithms enables transparency and explainability, which is…

In a changing climate, sustainable agriculture is essential for food security and environmental health. However, it is challenging to understand the complex interactions among its biophysical, social, and economic components. Predictive…

Recovering the structure of causal graphical models from observational data is an essential yet challenging task for causal discovery in scientific scenarios. Domain-specific causal discovery usually relies on expert validation or prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Qinrui Zhu , Qiang Tu , Huanhuan Chen

Marketing mix models (MMMs) are statistical models for measuring the effectiveness of various marketing activities such as promotion, media advertisement, etc. In this research, we propose a comprehensive marketing mix model that captures…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-01 Hao Chen , Minguang Zhang , Lanshan Han , Alvin Lim

While significant progress has been made in Video Question Answering and cross-modal understanding, causal reasoning about how visual dynamics drive musical structure in music videos remains under-explored. We introduce KARMA-MV, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Archishman Ghosh , Abhinaba Roy , Dorien Herremans

For decades, researchers in fields, such as the natural and social sciences, have been verifying causal relationships and investigating hypotheses that are now well-established or understood as truth. These causal mechanisms are properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Trent Kyono , Mihaela van der Schaar

Causal machine learning (Causal ML) aims to answer "what if" questions using machine learning algorithms, making it a promising tool for high-stakes decision-making. Yet, empirical evaluation practices in Causal ML remain limited. Existing…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet they still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning, a challenge fundamentally rooted in deep structural dependencies. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lei Zan , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai , Lujia Pan
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