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We improve Levenshtein's upper bound for the cardinality of a code of length four that is capable of correcting single deletions over an alphabet of even size. We also illustrate that the new upper bound is sharp. Furthermore we construct…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Hyun Kwang Kim , Joon Yop Lee , Dong Yeol Oh

List decoding of insertions and deletions in the Levenshtein metric is considered. The Levenshtein distance between two sequences is the minimum number of insertions and deletions needed to turn one of the sequences into the other. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Antonia Wachter-Zeh

Permutation arrays under the Kendall-$\tau$ metric have been considered for error-correcting codes. Given $n$ and $d\in [1..\binom{n}{2}]$, the task is to find a large permutation array of permutations on $n$ symbols with pairwise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Sergey Bereg , William Bumpass , Mohammadreza Haghpanah , Brian Malouf , I. Hal Sudborough

In this paper, we introduce a new way of constructing and decoding multipermutation codes. Multipermutations are permutations of a multiset that may consist of duplicate entries. We first introduce a new class of matrices called…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-29 Xishuo Liu , Stark C. Draper

The Ulam distance of two permutations on $[n]$ is $n$ minus the length of their longest common subsequence. In this paper, we show that for every $\varepsilon>0$, there exists some $\alpha>0$, and an infinite set $\Gamma\subseteq…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Elazar Goldenberg , Mursalin Habib , Karthik C. S

Quantum deletions, which are harder to correct than erasure errors, occur in many realistic settings. It is therefore pertinent to develop quantum coding schemes for quantum deletion channels. To date, not much is known about which explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Yingkai Ouyang

We improve the upper bound of Levenshtein for the cardinality of a code of length 4 capable of correcting single deletions over an alphabet of even size. We also illustrate that the new upper bound is sharp. Furthermore we will construct an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Hyun Kwang Kim , Joon Yop Lee , Dong Yeol Oh

Finding deletion-correcting codes of maximum size has been an open problem for over 70 years, even for a single deletion. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for constructing deletion-correcting codes. A code is a set of sequences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Franziska Weindel , Reinhard Heckel

We study error-correcting codes in the space $\mathcal{S}_{n,q}$ of length-$n$ multisets over a $q$-ary alphabet under the deletion metric, motivated by permutation channels in which ordering is completely lost and errors act only on symbol…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Avraham Kreindel , Isaac Barouch Essayag , Aryeh Lev Zabokritskiy

The Damerau-Levenshtein distance between two sequences is the minimum number of operations (deletions, insertions, substitutions, and adjacent transpositions) required to convert one sequence into another. Notwithstanding a long history of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zuo Ye , Gennian Ge

Recent interest on permutation rank modulation shows the Kendall tau metric as an important distance metric. This note documents our first efforts to obtain upper bounds on optimal code sizes (for said metric) ala Delsarte's approach. For…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-07 Fabian Lim , Manabu Hagiwara

We give an explicit construction of length-$n$ binary codes capable of correcting the deletion of two bits that have size $2^n/n^{4+o(1)}$. This matches up to lower order terms the existential result, based on an inefficient greedy choice…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Venkatesan Guruswami , Johan Håstad

Permutation decoding is a technique which involves finding a subset $S$, called PD-set, of the permutation automorphism group of a code $C$ in order to assist in decoding. An explicit construction of $\left \lfloor{\frac{2^m-m-1}{1+m}}…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Roland D. Barrolleta , Mercè Villanueva

This paper studies codes that correct bursts of deletions. Namely, a code will be called a $b$-burst-deletion-correcting code if it can correct a deletion of any $b$ consecutive bits. While the lower bound on the redundancy of such codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Clayton Schoeny , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Ryan Gabrys , Eitan Yaakobi

We first give two methods based on the representation theory of symmetric groups to study the largest size $P(n,d)$ of permutation codes of length $n$ i.e. subsets of the set $S_n$ all permutations on $\{1,\dots,n\}$ with the minimum…

The problem of correcting deletions has received significant attention, partly because of the prevalence of these errors in DNA data storage. In this paper, we study the problem of correcting a consecutive burst of at most $t$ deletions in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Shuche Wang , Yuanyuan Tang , Jin Sima , Ryan Gabrys , Farzad Farnoud

The Ulam's metric is the minimal number of moves consisting in removal of one element from a permutation and its subsequent reinsertion in different place, to go between two given permutations. Thet elements that are not moved create…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Sebastian Bala , Andrzej Kozik

This paper provides a new instance of quantum deletion error-correcting codes. This code can correct any single quantum deletion error, while our code is only of length 4. This paper also provides an example of an encoding quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-24 Manabu Hagiwara , Ayumu Nakayama

This paper studies on the cardinality of perfect multi deletion binary codes. The lower bound for any perfect deletion code with the fixed code length and the number of deletions, and the asymptotic achievable of Levenshtein's upper bound…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-16 Takehiko Mori , Manabu Hagiwara

A permutation-invariant code on m qubits is a subspace of the symmetric subspace of the m qubits. We derive permutation-invariant codes that can encode an increasing amount of quantum information while suppressing leading order spontaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Yingkai Ouyang , Joseph Fitzsimons