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When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Bruce Spang , Veronica Hannan , Shravya Kunamalla , Te-Yuan Huang , Nick McKeown , Ramesh Johari

Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-30 Andrew W. Correia

A/B testing experiment is a widely adopted method for evaluating UI/UX design decisions in modern web applications. Yet, traditional A/B testing remains constrained by its dependence on the large-scale and live traffic of human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuxuan Lu , Ting-Yao Hsu , Hansu Gu , Limeng Cui , Yaochen Xie , William Headden , Bingsheng Yao , Akash Veeragouni , Jiapeng Liu , Sreyashi Nag , Jessie Wang , Dakuo Wang

Tech companies (e.g., Google or Facebook) often use randomized online experiments and/or A/B testing primarily based on the average treatment effects to compare their new product with an old one. However, it is also critically important to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Chengchun Shi , Shikai Luo , Hongtu Zhu , Rui Song

eBay's experimentation platform runs hundreds of A/B tests on any given day. The platform integrates with the tracking infrastructure and customer experience servers, provides the sampling service for experiments, and has the responsibility…

Applications · Statistics 2023-03-10 Keyu Nie , Zezhong Zhang , Bingquan Xu , Tao Yuan

In the past decade, the technology industry has adopted online randomized controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) to guide product development and make business decisions. In practice, A/B tests are often implemented with increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-27 Kevin Han , Shuangning Li , Jialiang Mao , Han Wu

Micro-services are a common architectural approach to software development today. An indispensable tool for evolving micro-service systems is A/B testing. In A/B testing, two variants, A and B, are applied in an experimental setting. By…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Federico Quin , Danny Weyns

Software companies have widely used online A/B testing to evaluate the impact of a new technology by offering it to groups of users and comparing it against the unmodified product. However, running online A/B testing needs not only efforts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jie JW Wu

Selecting the optimal recommender via online exploration-exploitation is catching increasing attention where the traditional A/B testing can be slow and costly, and offline evaluations are prone to the bias of history data. Finding the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Da Xu , Chuanwei Ruan , Evren Korpeoglu , Sushant Kumar , Kannan Achan

The standard A/B testing approaches are mostly based on t-test in large scale industry applications. These standard approaches however suffers from low statistical power in business settings, due to nature of small sample-size or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Changshuai Wei , Phuc Nguyen , Benjamin Zelditch , Joyce Chen

A/B testing refers to the statistical procedure of conducting an experiment to compare two treatments, A and B, applied to different testing subjects. It is widely used by technology companies such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Netflix, to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Victoria Pokhiko , Qiong Zhang , Lulu Kang , D'arcy P. Mays

Adaptive experimental design (AED) methods are increasingly being used in industry as a tool to boost testing throughput or reduce experimentation cost relative to traditional A/B/N testing methods. However, the behavior and guarantees of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Tanner Fiez , Houssam Nassif , Yu-Cheng Chen , Sergio Gamez , Lalit Jain

In order to better facilitate the need for continuous business process improvement, the application of DevOps principles has been proposed. In particular, the AB-BPM methodology applies AB testing and reinforcement learning to increase the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Aaron Friedrich Kurz , Timotheus Kampik , Luise Pufahl , Ingo Weber

Online evaluation of machine learning models is typically conducted through A/B experiments. Sequential statistical tests are valuable tools for analysing these experiments, as they enable researchers to stop data collection early without…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-08 Alexey Kurennoy , Majed Dodin , Tural Gurbanov , Ana Peleteiro Ramallo

Online controlled experiments are a crucial tool to allow for confident decision-making in technology companies. A North Star metric is defined (such as long-term revenue or user retention), and system variants that statistically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Olivier Jeunen , Aleksei Ustimenko

Online experiments such as Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) or A/B-tests are the bread and butter of modern platforms on the web. They are conducted continuously to allow platforms to estimate the causal effect of replacing system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Olivier Jeunen

Randomized A/B comparisons of alternative pedagogical strategies or other course improvements could provide useful empirical evidence for instructor decision-making. However, traditional experiments do not provide a straightforward pathway…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ilya Musabirov , Angela Zavaleta-Bernuy , Pan Chen , Michael Liut , Joseph Jay Williams

We have seen a massive growth of online experiments at LinkedIn, and in industry at large. It is now more important than ever to create an intelligent A/B platform that can truly democratize A/B testing by allowing everyone to make quality…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-02 Nanyu Chen , Min Liu , Ya Xu

A/B testing, a widely used form of Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), is a fundamental tool in business data analysis and experimental design. However, despite its intent to maintain randomness, A/B testing often faces challenges that…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-13 Zihao Zheng , Carol Liu

In recommender systems, online A/B testing is a crucial method for evaluating the performance of different models. However, conducting online A/B testing often presents significant challenges, including substantial economic costs, user…