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Recently, several studies proposed methods to utilize some classes of optimization problems in designing deep neural networks to encode constraints that conventional layers cannot capture. However, these methods are still in their infancy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Younghan Jeon , Minsik Lee , Jin Young Choi

As next-generation implantable brain-machine interfaces become pervasive on edge device, incrementally learning new tasks in bio-plasticity ways is urgently demanded for Neuromorphic chips. Due to the inherent characteristics of its…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Zifan Ning , Chaojin Chen , Xiang Cheng , Wangzi Yao , Tielin Zhang , Bo Xu

Backpropagation is still the de facto algorithm used today to train neural networks. With the exponential growth of recent architectures, the computational cost of this algorithm also becomes a burden. The recent PEPITA and forward-only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Paul Caillon , Alex Colagrande , Erwan Fagnou , Blaise Delattre , Alexandre Allauzen

Neural network models of early sensory processing typically reduce the dimensionality of streaming input data. Such networks learn the principal subspace, in the sense of principal component analysis (PCA), by adjusting synaptic weights…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-18 Cengiz Pehlevan , Tao Hu , Dmitri B. Chklovskii

Robotic systems operating at the edge require efficient online learning algorithms that can continuously adapt to changing environments while processing streaming sensory data. Traditional backpropagation, while effective, conflicts with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Darius Masoum Zadeh-Jousdani , Elvin Hajizada , Eyke Hüllermeier

The neural plausibility of backpropagation has long been disputed, primarily for its use of non-local weight transport $-$ the biologically dubious requirement that one neuron instantaneously measure the synaptic weights of another. Until…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-26 Daniel Kunin , Aran Nayebi , Javier Sagastuy-Brena , Surya Ganguli , Jonathan M. Bloom , Daniel L. K. Yamins

This work presents a method for reducing memory consumption to a constant complexity when training deep neural networks. The algorithm is based on the more biologically plausible alternatives of the backpropagation (BP): direct feedback…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Tien Chu , Kamil Mykitiuk , Miron Szewczyk , Adam Wiktor , Zbigniew Wojna

We introduce Error Forward-Propagation, a biologically plausible mechanism to propagate error feedback forward through the network. Architectural constraints on connectivity are virtually eliminated for error feedback in the brain;…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Adam A. Kohan , Edward A. Rietman , Hava T. Siegelmann

We theoretically analyze the Feedback Alignment (FA) algorithm, an efficient alternative to backpropagation for training neural networks. We provide convergence guarantees with rates for deep linear networks for both continuous and discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Manuela Girotti , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Gauthier Gidel

We propose Quick Feedforward (QF) Learning, a novel knowledge consolidation framework for transformer-based models that enables efficient transfer of instruction derived knowledge into model weights through feedforward activations without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Feng Qi

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve high accuracy but often rely on purely global, gradient-based optimisation, which can lead to overfitting, redundant filters, and reduced interpretability. To address these limitations, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Davorin Miličević , Ratko Grbić

A recent paper by Boughammoura (2023) describes the back-propagation algorithm in terms of an alternative formulation called the F-adjoint method. In particular, by the F-adjoint algorithm the computation of the loss gradient, with respect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Ahmed Boughammoura

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), regarded as the third generation of neural networks, emulate the brain's information processing with unparalleled biological plausibility compared to traditional neural networks. However, their non-linear,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haidong Wang , Xiaogang Xiong , Mengting Lan , Yinghao Chu , Zixuan Jiang , KC Santosh , Shimin Wang , Renxin Zhong

Recently, unsupervised local learning, based on Hebb's idea that change in synaptic efficacy depends on the activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neuron only, has shown potential as an alternative training mechanism to backpropagation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Jules Talloen , Joni Dambre , Alexander Vandesompele

The backpropagation (BP) algorithm is often thought to be biologically implausible in the brain. One of the main reasons is that BP requires symmetric weight matrices in the feedforward and feedback pathways. To address this "weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Will Xiao , Honglin Chen , Qianli Liao , Tomaso Poggio

A recent breakthrough in biologically-plausible normative frameworks for dimensionality reduction is based upon the similarity matching cost function and the low-rank matrix approximation problem. Despite clear biological interpretation,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-09 Veronica Centorrino , Francesco Bullo , Giovanni Russo

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) excel on tasks using functional data, such as those originating from partial differential equations. Such characteristics render them an effective approach for simulating the time evolution of quantum…

The backpropagation of error algorithm (BP) is impossible to implement in a real brain. The recent success of deep networks in machine learning and AI, however, has inspired proposals for understanding how the brain might learn across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Sergey Bartunov , Adam Santoro , Blake A. Richards , Luke Marris , Geoffrey E. Hinton , Timothy Lillicrap

The ever-growing demand for further advances in artificial intelligence motivated research on unconventional computation based on analog physical devices. While such computation devices mimic brain-inspired analog information processing,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Mitsumasa Nakajima , Katsuma Inoue , Kenji Tanaka , Yasuo Kuniyoshi , Toshikazu Hashimoto , Kohei Nakajima

While backpropagation and automatic differentiation have driven deep learning's success, the physical limits of chip manufacturing and rising environmental costs of deep learning motivate alternative learning paradigms such as physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yaqi Guo , Fabian Braun , Bastiaan Ketelaar , Stephanie Tan , Richard Norte , Siddhant Kumar