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Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in various downstream task domains. However, their abilities to directly recall and apply factual medical knowledge remains under-explored. Most existing medical QA benchmarks assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jiaxi Li , Yiwei Wang , Kai Zhang , Yujun Cai , Bryan Hooi , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Jin Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, yet they often struggle with maintaining factual accuracy, particularly in knowledge-intensive domains like healthcare. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Hieu Tran , Junda Wang , Yujan Ting , Weijing Huang , Terrence Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

As the world changes, we need to be able to update our models and correct false information without costly retraining. Knowledge-based model editing enables precise modifications to the weights of large language models in order to modify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Elan Markowitz , Anil Ramakrishna , Ninareh Mehrabi , Charith Peris , Rahul Gupta , Kai-Wei Chang , Aram Galstyan

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with dynamic knowledge updates, especially when new information conflicts with deeply embedded facts. Such conflicting factual edits often lead to two critical issues: resistance to adopting the new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Stanley Ngugi

Recent Language Models (LMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating texts with the knowledge internalized in parameters. Yet, LMs often generate the factually incorrect responses to the given queries, since their knowledge may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Minki Kang , Jong C. Park , Sung Ju Hwang

Knowledge-editing updates knowledge of large language models (LLMs) and contributes to the interpretability and application of LLMs. However, knowledge applying is context-consistent: LLMs can recall the same knowledge in different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Youcheng Huang , Wenqiang Lei , Zheng Zhang , Jiancheng Lv , Shuicheng Yan

We analyze the Knowledge Neurons framework for the attribution of factual and relational knowledge to particular neurons in the transformer network. We use a 12-layer multi-lingual BERT model for our experiments. Our study reveals various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Jeevesh Juneja , Ritu Agarwal

Large Language Models have been shown to contain extensive world knowledge in their parameters, enabling impressive performance on many knowledge intensive tasks. However, when deployed in novel settings, LLMs often encounter situations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Khurram Yamin , Gaurav Ghosal , Bryan Wilder

Various studies have attempted to remove sensitive or private knowledge from a language model to prevent its unauthorized exposure. However, prior studies have overlooked the complex and interconnected nature of knowledge, where related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nakyeong Yang , Minsung Kim , Seunghyun Yoon , Joongbo Shin , Kyomin Jung

Large language models (LLMs) risk retaining sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful information from their training data. Entity-level unlearning addresses this issue by removing all knowledge of a specific entity while preserving the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xiaoqi Han , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Ru Li , Xiaoli Li , Jiye Liang , Jeff Z. Pan

Despite their exceptional capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to generating unintended text due to false or outdated knowledge. Given the resource-intensive nature of retraining LLMs, there has been a notable increase in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jun-Yu Ma , Zhen-Hua Ling , Ningyu Zhang , Jia-Chen Gu

Although large language models (LLMs) excel in text comprehension and generation, their performance on the Emotion-Cause Pair Extraction (ECPE) task, which requires reasoning ability, is often underperform smaller language model. The main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shiyi Mu , Yongkang Liu , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

As real-world knowledge evolves, the information embedded within large language models (LLMs) can become outdated, inadequate, or erroneous. Model editing has emerged as a prominent approach for updating LLMs' knowledge with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Guoxiu He , Xin Song , Aixin Sun

Knowledge editing has emerged as a lightweight alternative to retraining for correcting or injecting specific facts in large language models (LLMs). Meanwhile, fine-tuning remains the default operation for adapting LLMs to new domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yinjie Cheng , Paul Youssef , Christin Seifert , Jörg Schlötterer , Zhixue Zhao

The potential of using a large language model (LLM) as a knowledge base (KB) has sparked significant interest. To manage the knowledge acquired by LLMs, we need to ensure that the editing of learned facts respects internal logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zichao Li , Ines Arous , Siva Reddy , Jackie C. K. Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on various natural language tasks. However, they are trained on static corpora and their knowledge can become outdated quickly in the fast-changing world. This motivates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianci Liu , Ruirui Li , Yunzhe Qi , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Tianqi Zheng , Qingyu Yin , Monica Xiao Cheng , Jun Huan , Haoyu Wang , Jing Gao

As Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in diverse applications, faithfully integrating evolving factual knowledge into these models remains a critical challenge. Continued pre-training on paraphrased data has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mingkang Zhu , Xi Chen , Zhongdao Wang , Bei Yu , Hengshuang Zhao , Jiaya Jia

Knowledge editing aims to modify outdated knowledge in language models efficiently while retaining their original capabilities. Mainstream datasets for knowledge editing are predominantly static and fail to keep in pace with the evolving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chenming Tang , Yutong Yang , Kexue Wang , Yunfang Wu

Masked language modeling (MLM) plays a key role in pretraining large language models. But the MLM objective is often dominated by high-frequency words that are sub-optimal for learning factual knowledge. In this work, we propose an approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Nafis Sadeq , Byungkyu Kang , Prarit Lamba , Julian McAuley
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