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An old and fundamental problem in databases and data streams is that of finding the heavy hitters, also known as the top-$k$, most popular items, frequent items, elephants, or iceberg queries. There are several variants of this problem,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-08 David P. Woodruff

Given a stream $x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n$ of items from a Universe $U$ of size poly$(n)$, and a parameter $\epsilon>0$, an item $i\in U$ is said to be an $\ell_2$ heavy hitter if its frequency $f_i$ in the stream is at least $\sqrt{\epsilon F_2}$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Santhoshini Velusamy , Huacheng Yu

Finding persistent sparse (PS) flow is critical to early warning of many threats. Previous works have predominantly focused on either heavy or persistent flows, with limited attention given to PS flows. Although some recent studies pay…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Jiayao Wang , Qilong Shi , Xiyan Liang , Han Wang , Wenjun Li , Ziling Wei , Weizhe Zhang , Shuhui Chen

An influential paper of Hsu et al. (ICLR'19) introduced the study of learning-augmented streaming algorithms in the context of frequency estimation. A fundamental problem in the streaming literature, the goal of frequency estimation is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Anders Aamand , Justin Y. Chen , Siddharth Gollapudi , Sandeep Silwal , Hao Wu

Motivated by a recent new type of randomized Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on the Domain Name Service (DNS), we develop novel and efficient distinct heavy hitters algorithms and build an attack identification system that uses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Yehuda Afek , Anat Bremler-Barr , Edith Cohen , Shir Landau Feibish , Michal Shagam

Collecting flow records is a common practice of network operators and researchers for monitoring, diagnosing and understanding a network. Traditional tools like NetFlow face great challenges when both the speed and the complexity of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zongyi Zhao , Xingang Shi , Xia Yin , Zhiliang Wang

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel networking paradigm that provides enhanced programming abilities, which can be used to solve traditional security challenges on the basis of more efficient approaches. The most important element…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Majd Latah , Levent Toker

This paper studies the classic problem of finding heavy hitters in the turnstile streaming model. We give the first deterministic linear sketch that has $O(\epsilon^{-2} \log n \cdot \log^*(\epsilon^{-1}))$ rows and answers queries in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Yi Li , Vasileios Nakos

Non-parametric entropy estimation on sequential data is a fundamental tool in signal processing, capturing information flow within or between processes to measure predictability, redundancy, or similarity. Methods based on longest common…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Bridget Smart , Max Ward , Matthew Roughan

The sliding window model of computation captures scenarios in which data are continually arriving in the form of a stream, and only the most recent $w$ items are used for analysis. In this setting, an algorithm needs to accurately track…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yiping Wang , Yanhao Wang , Cen Chen

One of the most important tasks in network management is identifying different types of traffic flows. As a result, a type of management service, called Network Traffic Classifier (NTC), has been introduced. One type of NTCs that has gained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Ramin Hasibi , Matin Shokri , Mehdi Dehghan

Identifying the "heavy hitter" flows or flows with large traffic volumes in the data plane is important for several applications e.g., flow-size aware routing, DoS detection, and traffic engineering. However, measurement in the data plane…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Vibhaalakshmi Sivaraman , Srinivas Narayana , Ori Rottenstreich , S. Muthukrishnan , Jennifer Rexford

Efficient algorithms and techniques to detect and identify large flows in a high throughput traffic stream in the SDN match-and-action model are presented. This is in contrast to previous work that either deviated from the match and action…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Yehuda Afek , Anat Bremler-Barr , Shir Landau Feibish , Liron Schiff

Current probabilistic flow-size monitoring can only detect heavy hitters (e.g., flows utilizing 10 times their permitted bandwidth), but cannot detect smaller overuse (e.g., flows utilizing 50-100% more than their permitted bandwidth).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Simon Scherrer , Che-Yu Wu , Yu-Hsi Chiang , Benjamin Rothenberger , Daniele E. Asoni , Arish Sateesan , Jo Vliegen , Nele Mentens , Hsu-Chun Hsiao , Adrian Perrig

The indexing algorithms for the high-dimensional nearest neighbor search (NNS) with the best worst-case guarantees are based on the randomized Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), and its derivatives. In practice, many heuristic approaches…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Alexandr Andoni , Daniel Beaglehole

Contrastive learning is a representational learning paradigm in which a neural network maps data elements to feature vectors. It improves the feature space by forming lots with an anchor and examples that are either positive or negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Fabian Deuser , Philipp Hausenblas , Hannah Schieber , Daniel Roth , Martin Werner , Norbert Oswald

We study automated intrusion detection in an IT infrastructure, specifically the problem of identifying the start of an attack, the type of attack, and the sequence of actions an attacker takes, based on continuous measurements from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xiaoxuan Wang , Rolf Stadler

We consider online mining of correlated heavy-hitters from a data stream. Given a stream of two-dimensional data, a correlated aggregate query first extracts a substream by applying a predicate along a primary dimension, and then computes…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-10-07 Bibudh Lahiri , Arko Provo Mukherjee , Srikanta Tirthapura

Precise and timely traffic flow prediction plays a critical role in developing intelligent transportation systems and has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Despite the significant progress in this area brought by deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Wenzheng Zhao

Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is a fundamental technique for similarity search and similarity estimation in high-dimensional spaces. The basic idea is that similar objects should produce hash collisions with probability significantly…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Joachim Gudmundsson , Rasmus Pagh