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Learning from preference-based feedback has recently gained traction as a promising approach to align language models with human interests. While these aligned generative models have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Anush Kini , Nagarajan Natarajan

We introduce ConfPO, a method for preference learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) that identifies and optimizes preference-critical tokens based solely on the training policy's confidence, without requiring any auxiliary models or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Hee Suk Yoon , Eunseop Yoon , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Sungwoong Kim , Chang D. Yoo

This work studies the problem of large language model (LLM) unlearning, aiming to remove unwanted data influences (e.g., copyrighted or harmful content) while preserving model utility. Despite the increasing demand for unlearning, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chongyu Fan , Jiancheng Liu , Licong Lin , Jinghan Jia , Ruiqi Zhang , Song Mei , Sijia Liu

We present a multi-objective binder design paradigm based on instruction fine-tuning and direct preference optimization (DPO) of autoregressive protein language models (pLMs). Multiple design objectives are encoded in the language model…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Pouria Mistani , Venkatesh Mysore

While large language models (LLMs) have increasingly been applied to hate speech detoxification, the prompts often trigger safety alerts, causing LLMs to refuse the task. In this study, we systematically investigate false refusal behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kyuri Im , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

Preference optimization has made significant progress recently, with numerous methods developed to align language models with human preferences. This paper introduces $f$-divergence Preference Optimization ($f$-PO), a novel framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiaqi Han , Mingjian Jiang , Yuxuan Song , Stefano Ermon , Minkai Xu

The opacity in developing large language models (LLMs) is raising growing concerns about the potential contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. Existing contamination detection methods are typically based on the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Feng Yao , Yufan Zhuang , Zihao Sun , Sunan Xu , Animesh Kumar , Jingbo Shang

This research investigates the effectiveness of alignment techniques, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and a combined SFT+DPO approach on improving the safety and helpfulness of the OPT-350M language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Piyush Pant

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is widely used after supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to align language models, yet empirical behavior under small backbones and modest data is under-specified. We systematically compare SFT-only, DPO-only,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yuming Feng , Christy Yang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination, resulting in misalignment between the output textual response and the input visual content. Recent research indicates that the over-reliance on the Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Yuxi Xie , Guanzhen Li , Xiao Xu , Min-Yen Kan

A major challenge in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is the issue of distribution shift. LLM alignment algorithms rely on static preference datasets, assuming that they accurately represent real-world user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zaiyan Xu , Sushil Vemuri , Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran

Radiography Report Generation (RRG) has gained significant attention in medical image analysis as a promising tool for alleviating the growing workload of radiologists. However, despite numerous advancements, existing methods have yet to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Valentin Samokhin , Boris Shirokikh , Mikhail Goncharov , Dmitriy Umerenkov , Maksim Bobrin , Ivan Oseledets , Dmitry Dylov , Mikhail Belyaev

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) has emerged as a powerful method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, offering a stable and efficient alternative to approaches that use Reinforcement learning via Human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Sarvesh Shashidhar , Ritik , Nachiketa Patil , Suraj Racha , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

Molecular language modeling is an effective approach to generating novel chemical structures. However, these models do not \emph{a priori} encode certain preferences a chemist may desire. We investigate the use of fine-tuning using Direct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Ryan Park , Ryan Theisen , Navriti Sahni , Marcel Patek , Anna Cichońska , Rayees Rahman

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

Recent advances in large vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown promise for embodied task planning, yet they struggle with fundamental challenges like dependency constraints and efficiency. Existing approaches either solely optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Siyin Wang , Zhaoye Fei , Qinyuan Cheng , Shiduo Zhang , Panpan Cai , Jinlan Fu , Xipeng Qiu

Direct alignment algorithms have proven an effective step for aligning language models to human-desired behaviors. Current variants of the Direct Preference Optimization objective have focused on a strict setting where all tokens are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Fenia Christopoulou , Ronald Cardenas , Gerasimos Lampouras , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Jun Wang

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a diverse range of applications. These models excel in generating text completions that are contextually coherent and cover an extensive array of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Bradley Butcher
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