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We present two information leakage attacks that outperform previous work on membership inference against generative models. The first attack allows membership inference without assumptions on the type of the generative model. Contrary to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Benjamin Hilprecht , Martin Härterich , Daniel Bernau

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where clients train models locally and share model updates to develop a global model. This enables low-resource devices to collaboratively build a high-quality model without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Haoyang Li , Leixia Wang , Jianliang Xu

Membership inference attacks are one of the simplest forms of privacy leakage for machine learning models: given a data point and model, determine whether the point was used to train the model. Existing membership inference attacks exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Florian Tramer , Nicholas Carlini , Nicolas Papernot

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) infer whether a data point is in the training data of a machine learning model. It is a threat while being in the training data is private information of a data point. MIA correctly infers some data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Mauro Conti , Jiaxin Li , Stjepan Picek

The state-of-the-art for membership inference attacks on machine learning models is a class of attacks based on shadow models that mimic the behavior of the target model on subsets of held-out nonmember data. However, we find that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pratiksha Thaker , Neil Kale , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a data sample was included in a machine learning (ML) model's training set and have become the de facto standard for measuring privacy leakages in ML. We propose an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Najeeb Jebreel , David Sánchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) determines the presence of a record in a machine learning model's training data by querying the model. Prior work has shown that the attack is feasible when the model is overfitted to its training data or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Yunhui Long , Vincent Bindschaedler , Lei Wang , Diyue Bu , Xiaofeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Carl A. Gunter , Kai Chen

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has achieved significant success in the realm of self-supervised learning (SSL) for visual recognition. The image encoder pre-trained through MIM, involving the masking and subsequent reconstruction of input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Zheng Li , Xinlei He , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

While being deployed in many critical applications as core components, machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to various security and privacy attacks. One major privacy attack in this domain is membership inference, where an adversary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Yang Zou , Zhikun Zhang , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Machine learning (ML) has become a core component of many real-world applications and training data is a key factor that drives current progress. This huge success has led Internet companies to deploy machine learning as a service (MLaaS).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Ahmed Salem , Yang Zhang , Mathias Humbert , Pascal Berrang , Mario Fritz , Michael Backes

A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a target machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were part of the training set. State-of-the-art MIAs rely on training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuntao Du , Yuetian Chen , Hanshen Xiao , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li

Recent studies have shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a data record was used to train a target model or not. To analyze and study these vulnerabilities, various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-12 Chenxu Zhao , Wei Qian , Aobo Chen , Mengdi Huai

Data privacy is an important issue for "machine learning as a service" providers. We focus on the problem of membership inference attacks: given a data sample and black-box access to a model's API, determine whether the sample existed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Sorami Hisamoto , Matt Post , Kevin Duh

Membership inference attacks are used as a key tool for disclosure auditing. They aim to infer whether an individual record was used to train a model. While such evaluations are useful to demonstrate risk, they are computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Anshuman Suri , Xiao Zhang , David Evans

Membership Inference Attacks have emerged as a dominant method for empirically measuring privacy leakage from machine learning models. Here, privacy is measured by the {\em{advantage}} or gap between a score or a function computed on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ruihan Wu , Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Machine learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to membership inference attacks, i.e., inferring whether individuals' data have been used for training models. The lack of understanding about factors contributing success of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Farhad Farokhi , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

A membership inference attack (MIA) against a machine-learning model enables an attacker to determine whether a given data record was part of the model's training data or not. In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Bogdan Kulynych , Mohammad Yaghini , Giovanni Cherubin , Michael Veale , Carmela Troncoso

Membership inference (MI) attacks threaten user privacy through determining if a given data example has been used to train a target model. However, it has been increasingly recognized that the "comparing different MI attacks" methodology…

Recently issued data privacy regulations like GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) grant individuals the right to be forgotten. In the context of machine learning, this requires a model to forget about a training data sample if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Hongsheng Hu , Zoran Salcic , Gillian Dobbie , Jinjun Chen , Lichao Sun , Xuyun Zhang

Generative models estimate the underlying distribution of a dataset to generate realistic samples according to that distribution. In this paper, we present the first membership inference attacks against generative models: given a data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Jamie Hayes , Luca Melis , George Danezis , Emiliano De Cristofaro