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Federated learning (FL) is a promising technology via which some edge devices/clients collaboratively train a machine learning model orchestrated by a server. Learning an unfair model is known as a critical problem in federated learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , En-Hui Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a set of clients. However, the data distribution among clients often exhibits non-IID, i.e., distribution shift, which makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhe Qu , Xingyu Li , Rui Duan , Yao Liu , Bo Tang , Zhuo Lu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique that trains massive and geographically distributed edge data while maintaining privacy. However, FL has inherent challenges in terms of fairness and computational efficiency due to the rising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Yingchun Wang , Jingcai Guo , Jie Zhang , Song Guo , Weizhan Zhang , Qinghua Zheng

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as an important machine learning paradigm where a global model is trained based on the private data from distributed clients. However, most of existing FL algorithms cannot guarantee the performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Fengda Zhang , Kun Kuang , Yuxuan Liu , Long Chen , Chao Wu , Fei Wu , Jiaxun Lu , Yunfeng Shao , Jun Xiao

Federated learning (FL) encounters substantial challenges due to heterogeneity, leading to gradient noise, client drift, and partial client participation errors, the last of which is the most pervasive but remains insufficiently addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 S M Ruhul Kabir Howlader , Xiao Chen , Yifei Xie , Lu Liu

Recent advances in Federated Learning (FL) have brought large-scale collaborative machine learning opportunities for massively distributed clients with performance and data privacy guarantees. However, most current works focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Yuxin Shi , Han Yu , Cyril Leung

In the federated learning setting, multiple clients jointly train a model under the coordination of the central server, while the training data is kept on the client to ensure privacy. Normally, inconsistent distribution of data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Wei Huang , Tianrui Li , Dexian Wang , Shengdong Du , Junbo Zhang

Federated learning enables multiple clients, such as mobile phones and organizations, to collaboratively learn a shared model for prediction while protecting local data privacy. However, most recent research and applications of federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Haowen Lin , Jian Lou , Li Xiong , Cyrus Shahabi

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative learning across multiple clients. In most FL work, all clients train a single learning task. However, the recent proliferation of FL applications may increasingly require multiple FL tasks to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marie Siew , Haoran Zhang , Jong-Ik Park , Yuezhou Liu , Yichen Ruan , Lili Su , Stratis Ioannidis , Edmund Yeh , Carlee Joe-Wong

At the intersection of the cutting-edge technologies and privacy concerns, Federated Learning (FL) with its distributed architecture, stands at the forefront in a bid to facilitate collaborative model training across multiple clients while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients work together to solve a machine learning task. One of the key challenges in FL is the issue of partial participation, which occurs when a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Grigory Malinovsky , Samuel Horváth , Konstantin Burlachenko , Peter Richtárik

How to ensure fairness is an important topic in federated learning (FL). Recent studies have investigated how to reward clients based on their contribution (collaboration fairness), and how to achieve uniformity of performance across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Meirui Jiang , Holger R Roth , Wenqi Li , Dong Yang , Can Zhao , Vishwesh Nath , Daguang Xu , Qi Dou , Ziyue Xu

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Ensuring fairness is critical when applying artificial intelligence to high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where predictive models trained on imbalanced and demographically skewed data risk exacerbating existing disparities. Federated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Qiming Wu , Siqi Li , Doudou Zhou , Nan Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a widely adopted paradigm for privacy-preserving model training, but FedAvg optimise for the majority while under-serving minority clients. Existing methods such as federated multi-objective learning (FMOL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiansheng Rao , Jiayi Li , Zhizhi Gong , Soummya Kar , Haoxuan Li

Federated learning (FL) has enabled multiple data owners (a.k.a. FL clients) to train machine learning models collaboratively without revealing private data. Since the FL server can only engage a limited number of clients in each training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yuxin Shi , Zelei Liu , Zhuan Shi , Han Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables training ML models on edge clients without sharing data. However, the federated model's performance on local data varies, disincentivising the participation of clients who benefit little from FL. Fair FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alex Iacob , Pedro P. B. Gusmão , Nicholas D. Lane

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralised model training across distributed clients without requiring data centralisation. However, the generalisation performance of the global model is usually degraded by data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) employs a training approach to address scenarios where users' data cannot be shared across clients. Achieving fairness in FL is imperative since training data in FL is inherently geographically distributed among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhongxuan Han , Li Zhang , Chaochao Chen , Xiaolin Zheng , Fei Zheng , Yuyuan Li , Jianwei Yin