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Cell detection, segmentation and classification are essential for analyzing tumor microenvironments (TME) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. Existing methods suffer from poor performance on understudied cell types (rare or not present…

Spatial variable genes (SVGs) reveal critical information about tissue architecture, cellular interactions, and disease microenvironments. As spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies proliferate, accurately identifying SVGs across diverse…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-21 Jiawen Chen , Jinwei Zhang , Dongshen Peng , Yutong Song , Aitong Ruan , Yun Li , Didong Li

Accurate detection of cancer tissue regions (CTR) enables deeper analysis of the tumor microenvironment and offers crucial insights into treatment response. Traditional CTR detection methods, which typically rely on the rich cellular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shuailin Xue , Jun Wan , Lihua Zhang , Wenwen Min

Cells in multicellular organisms coordinate to form structural and functional niches. With spatial transcriptomics (ST) enabling gene expression profiling in spatial contexts, it has been revealed that spatial niches serve as cohesive and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-26 Mo Chen , Minsheng Hao , Xinquan Liu , Lin Deng , Peng Liu , Chen Li , Dongfang Wang , Kui Hua , Liang Guo , Xuegong Zhang , Lei Wei

The rapid development of digital pathology and modern deep learning has facilitated the emergence of pathology foundation models that are expected to solve general pathology problems under various disease conditions in one unified model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yutong Sun , Sichen Zhu , Peng Qiu

Spatial transcriptomics enables simultaneous measurement of gene expression and tissue morphology, offering unprecedented insights into cellular organization and disease mechanisms. However, the field lacks comprehensive benchmarks for…

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) measures gene expression at a set of spatial locations in a tissue. Communities of nearby cells that express similar genes form \textit{spatial domains}. Specialized ST clustering algorithms have been developed…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-12 Perry Beamer , Zixuan Cang

The rapid growth of digital pathology and advances in self-supervised deep learning have enabled the development of foundational models for various pathology tasks across diverse diseases. While multimodal approaches integrating diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ekaterina Redekop , Mara Pleasure , Zichen Wang , Kimberly Flores , Anthony Sisk , William Speier , Corey W. Arnold

While spatial transcriptomics (ST) has advanced our understanding of gene expression in tissue context, its high experimental cost limits its large-scale application. Predicting ST from pathology images is a promising, cost-effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhiceng Shi , Changmiao Wang , Jun Wan , Wenwen Min

Spatial transcriptomics is a technology that captures gene expression levels at different spatial locations, widely used in tumor microenvironment analysis and molecular profiling of histopathology, providing valuable insights into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Junzhuo Liu , Markus Eckstein , Zhixiang Wang , Friedrich Feuerhake , Dorit Merhof

Histology imaging is an important tool in medical diagnosis and research, enabling the examination of tissue structure and composition at the microscopic level. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of tissue architecture is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Ronald Xie , Kuan Pang , Sai W. Chung , Catia T. Perciani , Sonya A. MacParland , Bo Wang , Gary D. Bader

In recent years, the advent of spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology has unlocked unprecedented opportunities for delving into the complexities of gene expression patterns within intricate biological systems. Despite its transformative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-12 Wenwen Min , Zhiceng Shi , Jun Zhang , Jun Wan , Changmiao Wang

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) technologies provide biologists with rich insights into single-cell biology by preserving spatial context of cells. Building foundational models for ST can significantly enhance the analysis of vast and complex…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-24 Suyuan Zhao , Yizhen Luo , Ganbo Yang , Yan Zhong , Hao Zhou , Zaiqing Nie

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides essential spatial context by mapping gene expression within tissue, enabling detailed study of cellular heterogeneity and tissue organization. However, aligning ST data with histology images poses…

Quantitative characterization of cellular spatial organization is critical for understanding tumor progression and immune response. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) enable large-scale segmentation and classification of nuclei…

Recent advances in computational pathology have leveraged vision-language models to learn joint representations of Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) images with spatial transcriptomic (ST) profiles. However, existing approaches typically align HE…

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides crucial insights into tissue micro-environments, but is limited to its high cost and complexity. As an alternative, predicting gene expression from pathology whole slide images (WSI) is gaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingcheng Qu , Yuncong Wu , Donglin Di , Yue Gao , Tonghua Su , Yang Song , Lei Fan

Spatial transcriptomics is a modern sequencing technology that allows the measurement of the activity of thousands of genes in a tissue sample and map where the activity is occurring. This technology has enabled the study of the so-called…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-15 Andrea Sottosanti , Davide Risso

Histopathology, particularly hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining, plays a critical role in diagnosing and characterizing pathological conditions by highlighting tissue morphology. However, H\&E-stained images inherently lack molecular…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qing Wang , Wen-jie Chen , Bo Li , Jing Su , Guangyu Wang , Qianqian Song

Predicting spatial gene expression from H&E histology offers a scalable and clinically accessible alternative to sequencing, but realizing clinical impact requires models that generalize across cancer types and capture biologically coherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Susu Hu , Qinghe Zeng , Nithya Bhasker , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Stefanie Speidel