Related papers: Extreme thunderstorm ground enhancements registere…
We present a survey of more than half a thousand thunderstorm ground enhancements, fluxes of electrons, and gamma rays associated with thunderstorms registered from 2008 to 2022 at Aragats space environmental center. We analyze correlations…
During the multiyear monitoring of particle fluxes and near-surface electric field (NSEF) on the Aragats research station, no runway relativistic electron avalanches have been observed in the January-February months. The large peaks and…
We analyzed the structure of the Thunderstorm Ground Enhancement using a particle detector network on Aragats. We performed a statistical analysis of the particle flux enhancement time series on a nanosecond time scale using the largest TGE…
Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs) are bursts of high-energy particle fluxes detected at Earth's surface, linked to the Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche (RREA) mechanism within thunderclouds. Accurate detection of TGEs is vital…
Proceeding from a stormy day of 22 September 2022, when 7 thunderstorm ground enhancements occurred (TGEs, 3 of them very large), we perform an analysis of the most important conditions, on which depend the origination of the large particle…
We present the facilities of the Aragats Space Environmental Center in Armenia used during multi-year observations of the thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs) and corresponding environmental parameters. We analyze the characteristics of…
The comparative analysis of three thunderstorms on Aragats in May 2021 demonstrates that relativistic runaway electron avalanches are developing in large areas of the thunderous atmosphere.
Aragats solar neutron telescope (ASNT) is a unique instrument allowing to measure the energy spectra of electrons accelerated and multiplied in the strong electric fields of the atmosphere. We describe the instrument setup, its operation…
Thunderstorms produce strong electric fields over regions on the order of kilometer. The corresponding electric potential differences are on the order of 100 MV. Secondary cosmic rays reaching these regions may be significantly accelerated…
Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are very short bursts of gamma radiation associated to thunderstorm activity and are the manifestation of the highest-energy natural particle acceleration phenomena occurring on Earth. Photon energies up…
At least two mechanisms effectively transfer interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) disturbances into the atmosphere. First, the inflow of solar wind into the ionosphere at low latitudes significantly enhances the total vertical electron…
Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) -- very short, intense bursts of electrons, positrons, and energetic photons originating from terrestrial thunderstorms -- have been detected with satellite instruments. TETRA, an array of NaI(Tl)…
In the present report, we describe the NaI particle detector network and present the first results of the experiment demonstrating that the particle fluxes from the atmospheric electron accelerators can cover large areas on the earth…
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are the most energetic photon phenomenon occurring naturally on Earth. An outstanding question is as follows: Are these flashes just a rare exotic phenomenon or are they an intrinsic part of lightning…
Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches (RREA) are central to understanding a spectrum of high-energy atmospheric phenomena, including Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs), and gamma-ray glows.…
A mechanism for increased fluxes of high energy particles detected in Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs) is suggested. When the electric field Eambient at the ground beneath thunderstorms reaches modest magnitudes (6 -12 kV/m), corona…
During the extreme winter storms of 2024-2025 at Aragats, natural gamma radiation (NGR) increased by more than 1000%, with fluence reaching 2*10^7 gammas/cm^2 over 10 hours and a corresponding dose of 3.26 mSv, 120 times higher than normal…
A correlation between the secondary cosmic ray flux and the near-earth electric field intensity, measured during thunderstorms, has been found by analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage air shower array located at the…
Various particle accelerators operate in the space plasmas, filling the Galaxy with high energy particles, primary cosmic rays. Reaching the atmosphere of the earth, these particles originate extensive air showers consisting of millions of…
Cosmic-ray particles impinging on the atmosphere induce high-energy particle cascades in air, an Extensive Air Shower (EAS), emitting coherent radio emission. This emission is affected by the presence of strong electric fields during…