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We study the complexity of satisfiability problems in probabilistic and causal reasoning. Given random variables $X_1, X_2,\ldots$ over finite domains, the basic terms are probabilities of propositional formulas over atomic events $X_i =…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Markus Bläser , Julian Dörfler , Maciej Liśkiewicz , Benito van der Zander

The semantics of probabilistic languages has been extensively studied, but specification languages for their properties have received little attention. This paper introduces the probabilistic dynamic logic pDL, a specification logic for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Raúl Pardo , Einar Broch Johnsen , Ina Schaefer , Andrzej Wąsowski

We introduce a quantitative relational Hoare logic for quantum programs. Assertions of the logic range over a new infinitary extension of positive semidefinite operators. We prove that our logic is sound, and complete for bounded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Gilles Barthe , Minbo Gao , Theo Wang , Li Zhou

Starting with Hoare Logic over 50 years ago, numerous program logics have been devised to reason about the diverse programs encountered in the real world. This includes reasoning about computational effects, particularly those effects that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Noam Zilberstein

Abstract interpretation, Hoare logic, and incorrectness (or reverse Hoare) logic are powerful techniques for static analysis of computer programs. All of them have been successfully extended to the quantum setting, but largely developed in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Yuan Feng , Sanjiang Li

The nonstandard approach to program semantics has successfully resolved the completeness problem of Floyd-Hoare logic. The known versions of nonstandard semantics, the Hungary semantics and axiomatic semantics, are so general that they are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Zhaowei Xu , Yuefei Sui , Wenhui Zhang

We introduce a concept of efficiency for which we can prove that it applies to all paddable languages, but still does not conflict with potential worst case intractability. Note that the family of paddable languages apparently includes all…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Andras Farago

Applications like program synthesis sometimes require proving that a property holds for all of the infinitely many programs described by a grammar - i.e., an inductively defined set of programs. Current verification frameworks…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinwoo Kim , Shaan Nagy , Thomas Reps , Loris D'Antoni

Quantum Hoare Logic (QHL) was introduced in Ying's work to specify and reason about quantum programs. In this paper, we implement a theorem prover for QHL based on Isabelle/HOL. By applying the theorem prover, verifying a quantum program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Tao Liu , Yangjia Li , Shuling Wang , Mingsheng Ying , Naijun Zhan

This work proposes a Prolog-dialect for the found and prioritised problems on expressibility and automation. Given some given C-like program, if dynamic memory is allocated, altered and freed on runtime, then a description of desired…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-06 René Haberland

The general completeness problem of Hoare logic relative to the standard model $N$ of Peano arithmetic has been studied by Cook, and it allows for the use of arbitrary arithmetical formulas as assertions. In practice, the assertions would…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Zhaowei Xu , Wenhui Zhang , Yuefei Sui

Dynamically typed object-oriented languages enable programmers to write elegant, reusable and extensible programs. However, with the current methodology for program verification, the absence of static type information creates significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Björn Engelmann , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog , Nils Erik Flick

Nowadays, query optimization has been highly concerned in big data management, especially in NoSQL databases. Approximate queries boost query performance by loss of accuracy, for example, sampling approaches trade off query completeness for…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Jie Song , Yichuan Zhang , Yubin Bao , Ge Yu

A simple dynamically-typed, (purely) object-oriented language is defined. A structural operational semantics as well as a Hoare-style program logic for reasoning about programs in the language in multiple notions of correctness are given.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Björn Engelmann , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog

In a seminal paper from 1985, Sistla and Clarke showed that satisfiability for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is either NP-complete or PSPACE-complete, depending on the set of temporal operators used. If, in contrast, the set of propositional…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Michael Bauland , Thomas Schneider , Henning Schnoor , Ilka Schnoor , Heribert Vollmer

Verifying a real-world program's functional correctness can be decomposed into (1) a refinement proof showing that the program implements a more abstract high-level program and (2) an algorithm correctness proof at the high level.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shushu Wu , Xiwei Wu , Qinxiang Cao

Possibilistic computation tree Logic (PoCTL) is one kind of branching temporal logic combined with uncertain information in possibility theory, which was introduced in order to cope with the systematic verification on systems with uncertain…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yongming Li

An important problem when modeling gene networks lies in the identification of parameters, even if we consider a purely discrete framework as the one of Ren\'e Thomas. Here we are interested in the exhaustive search of all parameter values…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Gilles Bernot , Jean-Paul Comet , Zohra Khalis , Adrien Richard , Olivier Roux

We present a Coq library about Kleene algebra with tests, including a proof of their completeness over the appropriate notion of languages, a decision procedure for their equational theory, and tools for exploiting hypotheses of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Damien Pous

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) and Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) extend Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for real-time constraints, with MTL using time-bounded modalities and TPTL employing freeze quantifiers. Satisfiability for both is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Shankara Narayanan Krishna , Khushraj Madnani , Agnipratim Nag , Paritosh Pandya