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Complex systems in science and engineering sometimes exhibit behavior that changes across different regimes. Traditional global models struggle to capture the full range of this complex behavior, limiting their ability to accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Okezzi F. Ukorigho , Opeoluwa Owoyele

There is growing experimental evidence that $Q$-learning agents may learn to charge supracompetitive prices. We provide the first theoretical explanation for this behavior in infinite repeated games. Firms update their pricing policies…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-30 Cristian Chica , Yinglong Guo , Gilad Lerman

Most modern systems strive to learn from interactions with users, and many engage in exploration: making potentially suboptimal choices for the sake of acquiring new information. We initiate a study of the interplay between exploration and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yishay Mansour , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Collaborative learning enables multiple participants to learn a single global model by exchanging focused updates instead of sharing data. One of the core challenges in collaborative learning is ensuring that participants are rewarded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Nurbek Tastan , Samuel Horvath , Karthik Nandakumar

We develop a tractable model for studying strategic interactions between learning algorithms. We uncover a mechanism responsible for the emergence of algorithmic collusion. We observe that algorithms periodically coordinate on actions that…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-09-20 Martino Banchio , Giacomo Mantegazza

Algorithmic agents are used in a variety of competitive decision-making settings, including pricing contexts that range from online retail to residential home rental. We study the emergence of algorithmic collusion when competing agents…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Connor Douglas , Foster Provost , Arun Sundararajan

Pricing algorithms have demonstrated the capability to learn tacit collusion that is largely unaddressed by current regulations. Their increasing use in markets, including oligopolistic industries with a history of collusion, calls for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Paul Friedrich , Barna Pásztor , Giorgia Ramponi

Collaborative machine learning (CML) provides a promising paradigm for democratizing advanced technologies by enabling cost-sharing among participants. However, the potential for rent-seeking behaviors among parties can undermine such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Bingchen Wang , Zhaoxuan Wu , Fusheng Liu , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

We study competition and cooperation among a group of storage units. We show that as the number of storages increases, the profit of storages approaches zero under Nash competition. We propose two ways in which storages can achieve non-zero…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Jesus E. Contreras-Ocaña , Miguel A. Ortega-Vazquez , Baosen Zhang

Many organizations wish to collaboratively train machine learning models on their combined datasets for a common benefit (e.g., better medical research, or fraud detection). However, they often cannot share their plaintext datasets due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Wenting Zheng , Raluca Ada Popa , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

We study the extent to which standard machine learning algorithms rely on exchangeability and independence of data by introducing a monotone adversarial corruption model. In this model, an adversary, upon looking at a "clean" i.i.d.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kasper Green Larsen , Chirag Pabbaraju , Abhishek Shetty

Federated learning, an emerging machine learning paradigm, enables clients to collaboratively train a model without exchanging local data. Clients participating in the training process significantly impact the convergence rate, learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Fares Fourati , Salma Kharrat , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Marco Canini

Multi-party learning provides solutions for training joint models with decentralized data under legal and practical constraints. However, traditional multi-party learning approaches are confronted with obstacles such as system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Yuan Gao , Jiawei Li , Maoguo Gong , Yu Xie , A. K. Qin

We develop a model of algorithmic pricing that shuts down every channel for explicit or implicit collusion while still generating collusive outcomes. We analyze the dynamics of a duopoly market where both firms use pricing algorithms…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-13 Inkoo Cho , Noah Williams

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving approach for collaborative training of machine learning models. Given the potential data heterogeneity, it is crucial to select appropriate collaborators for each FL participant (FL-PT)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shanli Tan , Hao Cheng , Xiaohu Wu , Han Yu , Tiantian He , Yew-Soon Ong , Chongjun Wang , Xiaofeng Tao

Federated learning (FL) is a promising distributed framework for collaborative artificial intelligence model training while protecting user privacy. A bootstrapping component that has attracted significant research attention is the design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Guangjing Huang , Xu Chen , Tao Ouyang , Qian Ma , Lin Chen , Junshan Zhang

Anonymous online business environments have a social dilemma situation in it. A dilemma on whether to cooperate or Defect. Defection by a buyer to seller and/or seller to buyer might give each a better profit at the cost of the loss of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Sanat Kumar Bista , Keshav P. Dahal , Peter I. Cowling , Bhadra Man Tuladhar

This paper examines the market for AI models in which firms compete to provide accurate model predictions and consumers exhibit heterogeneous preferences for model accuracy. We develop a consumer-firm duopoly model to analyze how…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-03 Nikhil Kumar

Federated learning is typically considered a beneficial technology which allows multiple agents to collaborate with each other, improve the accuracy of their models, and solve problems which are otherwise too data-intensive / expensive to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Wenshuo Guo , Michael I. Jordan

Deep machine learning models are increasingly deployedin the wild for providing services to users. Adversaries maysteal the knowledge of these valuable models by trainingsubstitute models according to the inference results of thetargeted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Chi Hong , Jiyue Huang , Lydia Y. Chen