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Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) are a powerful class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms designed to approximate the ground state of a quantum system described by its Hamiltonian. VQEs hold promise for various applications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Kim A. Nicoli , Luca J. Wagner , Lena Funcke

The quest of demonstrating beneficial quantum error correction in near-term noisy quantum processors can benefit enormously from a low-resource optimization of fault-tolerant schemes, which are specially designed for a particular platform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 A. Bermudez , X. Xu , M. Gutiérrez , S. C. Benjamin , M. Müller

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods for solving combinatorial optimization problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, benchmarking VQAs is difficult due to their stochastic behavior and the…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods to demonstrate quantum advantage on near-term devices as the required resources are divided between a quantum simulator and a classical optimizer. As such, designing a VQA which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuhan Huang , Qingyu Li , Xiaokai Hou , Rebing Wu , Man-Hong Yung , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum-classical hybrid technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems in near-term gate-based noisy quantum devices. In QAOA, the objective is a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum systems are inherently open and susceptible to environmental noise, which can have both detrimental and beneficial effects on their dynamics. This phenomenon has been observed in bio-molecular systems, where noise enables novel…

Quantum simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians is a leading application of quantum computing, but accurate execution on present-day hardware is limited by error accumulation in deep Trotter circuits. We present a device-matched…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising tools for demonstrating quantum utility on near-term quantum hardware, with applications in optimisation, quantum simulation, and machine learning. While researchers have studied how easy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Connor van Rossum , Sally Shrapnel , Riddhi Gupta

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is crucial for obtaining reliable results on quantum computers by suppressing quantum noise with moderate resources. It is a key factor for successful and practical quantum algorithm implementations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-28 Shi-Xin Zhang , Zhou-Quan Wan , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Hong Yao , Shengyu Zhang

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising framework for tackling complex optimization problems on near-term quantum hardware. Here, we demonstrate that hybrid qubit--qumode quantum devices offer an efficient route to solving…

In recent years, Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving optimization problems on quantum computers in the NISQ era. However, one limitation of VQAs is their reliance on fixed-structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Gloria Turati , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

Recently we find several candidates of quantum algorithms that may be implementable in near-term devices for estimating the amplitude of a given quantum state, which is a core sub- routine in various computing tasks such as the Monte Carlo…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Tomoki Tanaka , Yohichi Suzuki , Shumpei Uno , Rudy Raymond , Tamiya Onodera , Naoki Yamamoto

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

We introduce a correlated measurement noise model that can be efficiently described and characterized, and which admits effective noise-mitigation on the level of marginal probability distributions. Noise mitigation can be performed up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Filip B. Maciejewski , Flavio Baccari , Zoltán Zimborás , Michał Oszmaniec

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…

A key component of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) is the choice of classical optimizer employed to update the parameterization of an ansatz. It is well recognized that quantum algorithms will, for the foreseeable future, necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Jeffrey Larson , Matt Menickelly , Jiahao Shi

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have the potential of utilizing near-term quantum machines to gain certain computational advantages over classical methods. Nevertheless, modern VQAs suffer from cumbersome computational overhead,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Yuxuan Du , Yang Qian , Dacheng Tao

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin