Related papers: It is not "B\'ezout's identity"
For many decades, statisticians have made attempts to prepare the Bayesian omelette without breaking the Bayesian eggs; that is, to obtain probabilistic likelihood-based inferences without relying on informative prior distributions. A…
This is a translation of Euler's 1773 "Variae observationes circa angulos in progressione geometrica progredientes", E561 in the Enestr{\"o}m index. I translated this paper as a result of my study of Euler's work on the infinite product…
The famous (3n + 1) or Collatz conjecture has admitted some progress over the last several decades towards the conclusion that the conjecture is true (i.e. that all Collatz sequences will eventually reach a value of one), but has stubbornly…
We investigate arithmetic properties of the sequence b(n) = B_MN(n) mod M obtained from the base-M to base-N shift map B_MN.We prove that b(n) is ultimately periodic exactly when every prime divisor of M also divides N; in that case we…
It is presented the simplest known disproof of the Borsuk conjecture stating that if a bounded subset of n-dimensional Euclidean space contains more than n points, then the subset can be partitioned into n+1 nonempty parts of smaller…
U-statistics are widely used in fields such as economics, machine learning, and statistics. However, while they enjoy desirable statistical properties, they have an obvious drawback in that the computation becomes impractical as the data…
Two-sample testing is a fundamental problem in statistics, and many famous two-sample tests are designed to be fully non-parametric. These existing methods perform well with location and scale shifts but are less robust when faced with more…
When a group of individuals creates something, credit is usually divided among them. Oddly, that does not apply to scientific papers. The most commonly used performance measure for individual researchers is the h-index, which does not…
Section 10.4 of the 1998 Springer-Verlag book {\em Complexity and Real Computation}, by Blum, Cucker, Shub, and Smale, contains a particularly elegant proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: The central idea of the proof naturally…
In this paper, we will see that the proportion of d as leading digit, d $\in$ 1, 9, in data (obtained thanks to the hereunder developed model) is more likely to follow a law whose probability distribution is determined by a specific upper…
This article explores the following methodological principle for theory construction in physics: if an ontological theory predicts two scenarios that are ontologically distinct but empirically indiscernible, then this theory should be…
The enduring legacy of Euclidean geometry underpins classical machine learning, which, for decades, has been primarily developed for data lying in Euclidean space. Yet, modern machine learning increasingly encounters richly structured data…
Omar Khayyam's treatment of cubic equations by intersections of conic sections has often been read as an anticipation of analytic or coordinate geometry. This paper argues that such a reading obscures the conceptual structure of Khayyam's…
We call positive integer n a near-perfect number, if it is sum of all its proper divisors, except of one of them ("redundant divisor"). We prove an Euclid-like theorem for near-perfect numbers and obtain some other results for them.
Euler's identity equates the number of partitions of any non-negative integer n into odd parts and the number of partitions of n into distinct parts. Beck conjectured and Andrews proved the following companion to Euler's identity: the…
Bayesian Deep Learning (BDL) gives access not only to aleatoric uncertainty, as standard neural networks already do, but also to epistemic uncertainty, a measure of confidence a model has in its own predictions. In this article, we show…
Einstein's thesis ``A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions'' was the second of his five celebrated papers in 1905. Although it is -- thanks to its widespread practical applications -- the most quoted of his papers, it is less known…
Distance geometry explores the properties of distance spaces that can be exactly represented as the pairwise Euclidean distances between points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d \geq 1$), or equivalently, distance spaces that can be isometrically…
French translation, by Henri Lombardi and Stefan Neuwirth, of the article "Did Euclid need the Euclidean algorithm to prove unique factorization?", American Mathematical Monthly 113 (2006), pages 196-205.
Embedding-based representations in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, where a major goal is to use the \emph{smallest dimension} that faithfully captures data relations. In this work, we prove sharp…