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We show that any joint probability mass function (PMF) can be expressed as a product of parity check factors and factors of degree one with the help of some auxiliary variables, if the alphabet size is appropriate for defining a parity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-14 M. F. Bayramoglu , A. Özgür Yılmaz

In the operator formalism of quantum mechanics, the density operator describes the complete statistics of a quantum state in terms of d^2 independent elements, where d is the number of possible outcomes for a precise measurement of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Holger F. Hofmann

Students in quantum mechanics class are taught that the wave function contains all knowable information about an isolated system. Later in the course, this view seems to be contradicted by the mysterious density matrix, which introduces a…

General Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Mark G. Kuzyk

A systematic strategy for the calculation of density functionals (DFs) consists in coding informations about the density and the energy into polynomials of the degrees of freedom of wave functions. DFs and Kohn-Sham potentials (KSPs) are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-08-25 B. G. Giraud , S. Karataglidis

We first introduce and discuss density operator interpretations of quantum theory as a special case of a more general class of interpretations, giving special attention to a version that we call the `atomic version'. We then review some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guido Bacciagaluppi , Michael Dickson

For functions of a single complex variable, points of multiplicity greater than $k$ are characterized by the vanishing of the first $k$ derivatives. There are various quantitative generalizations of this statement, showing that for…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2014-06-24 Gal Binyamini , Dmitry Novikov

Let $\mathscr{H}$ be a finite-dimensional complex Hilbert space and $\mathscr{D}$ the set of density matrices on $\mathscr{H}$, i.e., the positive operators with trace 1. Our goal in this note is to identify a probability measure $u$ on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Eddy Keming Chen , Roderich Tumulka

The one-dimensional Dickman distribution arises in various stochastic models across number theory, combinatorics, physics, and biology. Recently, a definition of the multidimensional Dickman distribution has appeared in the literature,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Anastasiia S. Kovtun , Nikolai N. Leonenko , Andrey Pepelyshev

Probabilistic conditioning is concerned with the identification of a distribution of a random variable $X$ given a random variable $Y$. It is a cornerstone of scientific and engineering applications where modeling uncertainty is key. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Panos Tsimpos , Edoardo Calvello , Ayoub Belhadji , Nicholas H. Nelsen

Density operators are one of the key ingredients of quantum theory. They can be constructed in two ways: via a convex sum of 'doubled kets' (i.e. mixing), and by tracing out part of a 'doubled' two-system ket (i.e. dilation). Both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 Maaike Zwart , Bob Coecke

Given two range space relations A and B in Hilbert spaces, we characterize the existence of a range space operator T such that A = BT, respectively A = TB.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-08 Maria Joita , Tania Luminita Costache

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the operator structure of frames, where the operator belongs to certain classes of linear operators and the element belongs to $H$. We discuss the size of the set of such elements. Also,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Jahangir Cheshmavar , Ayyaneh Dallaki

In this article we define Kober fractional integral operators in the multivariable case. First we consider one sequence of independent random variables and an arbitrary function, which can act as the joint density of another sequence of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-03-19 A. M. Mathai , H. J. Haubold

In this paper we introduce and study some Hilbert-type operators acting from the function spaces into the sequence spaces. We give some sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness of these Hilbert-type operators.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Jianjun Jin

One of the fundamental problems in machine learning is the estimation of a probability distribution from data. Many techniques have been proposed to study the structure of data, most often building around the assumption that observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-22 Oren Rippel , Ryan Prescott Adams

Density operators are one of the key ingredients of quantum theory. They can be constructed in two ways: via a convex sum of `doubled kets' (i.e. mixing), and by tracing out part of a `doubled' two-system ket (i.e. dilation). Both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-10 Maaike Zwart , Bob Coecke

In the first section we provide a solution to the M. G. Krein problem about an inner description of the space $L_2(\Sigma,H).$ In the second section we introduce the multiplicity function for an operator measure. Making use of the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark M. Malamud , Semen M. Malamud

Density-corrected density functional theory (DC-DFT) is enjoying substantial success in improving semilocal DFT calculations in a wide variety of chemical problems. This paper provides the formal theoretical framework and assumptions for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-08-19 Stefan Vuckovic , Suhwan Song , John Kozlowski , Eunji Sim , Kieron Burke

The density of state for a complex $N\times N$ random matrix coupled to an external deterministic source is considered for a finite N, and a compact expression in an integral representation is obtained.

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Hikami , R. Pnini

We consider frames in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space where frames are exactly the spanning sets of the vector space. A factor poset of a frame is defined to be a collection of subsets of $I$, the index set of our vectors, ordered by…