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When large language models (LLMs) exceed human-level capabilities, it becomes increasingly challenging to provide full-scale and accurate supervision for these models. Weak-to-strong learning, which leverages a less capable model to unlock…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yuqing Yang , Yan Ma , Pengfei Liu

Modern large language model (LLM) alignment techniques rely on human feedback, but it is unclear whether these techniques fundamentally limit the capabilities of aligned LLMs. In particular, it is unknown if it is possible to align…

Methods for adapting language models (LMs) to new tasks and domains have traditionally assumed white-box access to the model, and work by modifying its parameters. However, this is incompatible with a recent trend in the field, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Aitor Ormazabal , Mikel Artetxe , Eneko Agirre

Large language models are usually fine-tuned to align with human preferences. However, fine-tuning a large language model can be challenging. In this work, we introduce $\textit{weak-to-strong search}$, framing the alignment of a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Zhanhui Zhou , Zhixuan Liu , Jie Liu , Zhichen Dong , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Recent advancements in large language models have sparked interest in their extraordinary and near-superhuman capabilities, leading researchers to explore methods for evaluating and optimizing these abilities, which is called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jianyuan Guo , Hanting Chen , Chengcheng Wang , Kai Han , Chang Xu , Yunhe Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress by leveraging Reinforcement Learning and extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, the challenge of performing efficient language reasoning--especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhong-Zhi Li , Xiao Liang , Zihao Tang , Lei Ji , Peijie Wang , Haotian Xu , Xing W , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Yeyun Gong , Zhijiang Guo , Xiao Liu , Fei Yin , Cheng-Lin Liu

This paper addresses the limited transfer and adaptation capabilities of large language models in low-resource language scenarios. It proposes a unified framework that combines a knowledge transfer module with parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shuangquan Lyu , Yingnan Deng , Guiran Liu , Zhen Qi , Ruotong Wang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general reasoning yet struggle with specialized tasks requiring proprietary or domain-specific knowledge. Fine-tuning large models for every niche application is often infeasible due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yizhu Jiao , Xuchao Zhang , Zhaoyang Wang , Yubo Ma , Zhun Deng , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan , Jiawei Han , Huaxiu Yao

Efficiently leveraging of the capabilities of contemporary large language models (LLMs) is increasingly challenging, particularly when direct fine-tuning is expensive and often impractical. Existing training-free methods, including manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Fan Nie , Lan Feng , Haotian Ye , Weixin Liang , Pan Lu , Huaxiu Yao , Alexandre Alahi , James Zou

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to low-resource languages (LRLs) is constrained by the scarcity of task data and computational resources. Although Proxy Tuning offers a logit-level strategy for introducing scaling effects, it often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chen Zhang , Jiuheng Lin , Zhiyuan Liao , Yansong Feng

Cross-capability transfer is a key challenge in large language model (LLM) research, with applications in multi-task integration, model compression, and continual learning. Recent works like FuseLLM and FuseChat have demonstrated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Guodong Du , Zhuo Li , Xuanning Zhou , Junlin Li , Zesheng Shi , Wanyu Lin , Ho-Kin Tang , Xiucheng Li , Fangming Liu , Wenya Wang , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Weak-to-strong (W2S) generalization, in which a strong model is fine-tuned on outputs of a weaker, task-specialized model, has been proposed as an approach to aligning superhuman AI systems. Existing theoretical analyses either fix the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Ryoya Awano , Taiji Suzuki

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance without extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Tanuja Ganu , Akshay Nambi

This paper presents a novel methodology of fine-tuning for large language models-dynamic LoRA. Building from the standard Low-Rank Adaptation framework, this methodology further adds dynamic adaptation mechanisms to improve efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xiaoxuan Liao , Chihang Wang , Shicheng Zhou , Jiacheng Hu , Hongye Zheng , Jia Gao

Pretraining large language models (LLMs) on vast and heterogeneous datasets is crucial for achieving state-of-the-art performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, current training paradigms treat all samples equally, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Daouda Sow , Herbert Woisetschläger , Saikiran Bulusu , Shiqiang Wang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Yingbin Liang

Effective prompt engineering remains a challenging task for many applications. We introduce Weak-to-Strong Transfer (WST), an automatic prompt engineering framework where a small "Teacher" model generates instructions that enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haosen Ge , Shuo Li , Lianghuan Huang

In recent years, developing compact and efficient large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a thriving area of research. Traditional Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), which relies on singular ground truth labels, often fails to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jingyao Li , Senqiao Yang , Sitong Wu , Han Shi , Chuanyang Zheng , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive versatility as general purpose models. However, their broad applicability comes at a high-cost computational overhead, particularly in auto-regressive decoding where each step requires a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Itay Nakash , Nitay Calderon , Eyal Ben David , Elad Hoffer , Roi Reichart

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in domain-specific machine translation (MT). However, one major issue is that LLMs pre-trained on general domain corpus might not generalize well to specific domains due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiawei Zheng , Hanghai Hong , Feiyan Liu , Xiaoli Wang , Jingsong Su , Yonggui Liang , Shikai Wu
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