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Despite substantial progress of large language models (LLMs) for automatic poetry generation, the generated poetry lacks diversity while the training process differs greatly from human learning. Under the rationale that the learning process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Ran Zhang , Steffen Eger

The release of openly available, robust natural language generation algorithms (NLG) has spurred much public attention and debate. One reason lies in the algorithms' purported ability to generate human-like text across various domains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Nils Köbis , Luca Mossink

The paper surveys evaluation methods of natural language generation (NLG) systems that have been developed in the last few years. We group NLG evaluation methods into three categories: (1) human-centric evaluation metrics, (2) automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Asli Celikyilmaz , Elizabeth Clark , Jianfeng Gao

Controllable text generation is a challenging and meaningful field in natural language generation (NLG). Especially, poetry generation is a typical one with well-defined and strict conditions for text generation which is an ideal playground…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Zhiyuan Hu , Chumin Liu , Yue Feng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bryan Hooi

Poetry Generation involves teaching systems to automatically generate text that resembles poetic work. A deep learning system can learn to generate poetry on its own by training on a corpus of poems and modeling the particular style of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Brendan Bena , Jugal Kalita

In Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, for any input, multiple communicative goals are plausible, and any goal can be put into words, or produced, in multiple ways. We characterise the extent to which human production varies lexically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mario Giulianelli , Joris Baan , Wilker Aziz , Raquel Fernández , Barbara Plank

Generative Artificial Intelligence has grown exponentially as a result of Large Language Models (LLMs). This has been possible because of the impressive performance of deep learning methods created within the field of Natural Language…

The rapid advancement in machine learning has led to a surge in automatic data generation, making it increasingly challenging to differentiate between naturally or human-generated data and machine-generated data. Despite these advancements,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mohamad Elzohbi , Richard Zhao

Automatic methods and metrics that assess various quality criteria of automatically generated texts are important for developing NLG systems because they produce repeatable results and allow for a fast development cycle. We present here an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Erion Çano , Ondřej Bojar

As an essential step towards computer creativity, automatic poetry generation has gained increasing attention these years. Though recent neural models make prominent progress in some criteria of poetry quality, generated poems still suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Xiaoyuan Yi , Ruoyu Li , Cheng Yang , Wenhao Li , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to creative domains, yet their performance in classical Chinese poetry generation and evaluation remains poorly understood. We propose a three-step evaluation framework that combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bolei Ma , Yina Yao , Anna-Carolina Haensch

Since language models produce fake text quickly and easily, there is an oversupply of such content in the public domain. The degree of sophistication and writing style has reached a point where differentiating between human authored and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dmytro Valiaiev

Recent developments in natural language generation (NLG) using neural language models have brought us closer than ever to the goal of building AI-powered creative writing tools. However, most prior work on human-AI collaboration in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Daphne Ippolito , Ann Yuan , Andy Coenen , Sehmon Burnam

Despite growing interest in natural language generation (NLG) models that produce diverse outputs, there is currently no principled method for evaluating the diversity of an NLG system. In this work, we propose a framework for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Guy Tevet , Jonathan Berant

Large language models (LLMs) are solidifying their position in the modern world as effective tools for the automatic generation of text. Their use is quickly becoming commonplace in fields such as education, healthcare, and scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Luka Terčon , Kaja Dobrovoljc

The rapid development of advanced large language models (LLMs) has made AI-generated text indistinguishable from human-written text. Previous work on detecting AI-generated text has made effective progress, but has not involved modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shanshan Wang , Junchao Wu , Fengying Ye , Jingming Yao , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) is crucial for the practical adoption of AI, but has been a longstanding research challenge. While human evaluation is considered the de-facto standard, it is expensive and lacks scalability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Maria Paz Oliva , Adriana Correia , Ivan Vankov , Viktor Botev

This paper offers a comprehensive review of the research on Natural Language Generation (NLG) over the past two decades, especially in relation to data-to-text generation and text-to-text generation deep learning methods, as well as new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Chenhe Dong , Yinghui Li , Haifan Gong , Miaoxin Chen , Junxin Li , Ying Shen , Min Yang

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved their ability to generate natural language, making texts generated by LLMs increasingly indistinguishable from human-written texts. While recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Sergio E. Zanotto , Segun Aroyehun

Generative AI models have shown impressive performance on many Natural Language Processing tasks such as language understanding, reasoning, and language generation. An important question being asked by the AI community today is about the…

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