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We design an optical feedback network making use of machine learning techniques and demonstrate via simulations its ability to correct for the effects of turbulent propagation on optical modes. This artificial neural network scheme only…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-22 Sanjaya Lohani , Ryan T. Glasser

Future quantum networks will be composed of both terrestrial links for metropolitan and continent-scale connections and space-based links for global coverage and infrastructure resilience. However, the propagation of quantum signals through…

Forecasting optical turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere has been an ambitious challenge for the astronomical scientific community for several decades. While earlier research primarily focused on whether it was possible to predict optical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-27 Elena Masciadri , Alessio Turchi , Camilo Weinberger , Marlene De Sepibus , Luca Fini

Structured light is routinely used in free space optical communication channels, both classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth. Unlike polarisation, the spatial…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-08 Asher Klug , Cade Peters , Andrew Forbes

Terahertz (THz) wireless communications have the potential to realize ultra-high-speed and secure data transfer with miniaturized devices for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. The atmospheric turbulence due to random airflow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-29 Weijun Gao , Chong Han , Zhi Chen

We present a 19-day joint measurement of optical turbulence and coherent data communications over a 4.6 km urban FSO link, providing empirical insights into turbulence effects on the performance of fiber-coupled coherent communication…

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is a promising degree of freedom for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD). However, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence is a persistent challenge in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Jiapeng Zhao , Yiyu Zhou , Boris Braverman , Cong Liu , Kai Pang , Nicholas K. Steinhoff , Glenn A. Tyler , Alan E. Willner , Robert W. Boyd

Atmospheric turbulence degrades the performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication and remote sensing systems by introducing phase and intensity distortions. While a majority of research focuses on mitigating these effects to ensure…

Advances in satellite quantum communications aim at reshaping the global telecommunication network by increasing the security of the transferred information. Here, we study the effects of atmospheric turbulence in continuous-variable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Tasio Gonzalez-Raya , Stefano Pirandola , Mikel Sanz

Covert quantum communication (CQC) seeks to hide not only message content but also the existence of communication. Existing CQC models usually assume deterministic or worst-case channel conditions, which are difficult to justify in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Abbas Arghavani , Shahid Raza , Maryam Amiri , Alessandro Papadopoulos

A significant performance inhibitor of free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is turbulence, which gives rise to wavefront phase and amplitude aberrations. We demonstrate that in a turbulent channel, during coherent…

We describe a procedure by which a long ($\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{km}$) optical path through atmospheric turbulence can be experimentally simulated in a controlled fashion and scaled down to distances easily accessible in a laboratory setting.…

In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power and low mass…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Hemani Kaushal , Georges Kaddoum

Atmospheric turbulence is one of the lead disturbance factors for free-space quantum communication. The quantum states of light in such channels are affected by fluctuating losses characterized by the probability distribution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 M. Klen , A. A. Semenov

The free-space optical channel has the potential to facilitate inexpensive, wireless communication with fiber-like bandwidth under short deployment timelines. However, atmospheric effects can significantly degrade the reliability of a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-04-02 Nick Letzepis , Albert Guillen i Fabregas

The degradation of classical and quantum structured light induced by complex media constitutes a critical barrier to its practical implementation in a range of applications, from communication and energy transport to imaging and sensing.…

Free-space quantum cryptography has the potential to enable global quantum communication. However, most existing continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CV-QSS) schemes rely on fiber channels. In this paper, we present a CV-QSS protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Fangli Yang , Liang Chang , Daowen Qiu , Minghua Pan , Wanjun Xiong

The free-space optical (FSO) communication links with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing have been demonstrated that they can largely enhance the systems' capacity without a corresponding increase in spectral bandwidth, but the…

Optics · Physics 2014-01-30 Shengmei Zhao , Bei Wang , Li Zhou , Longyan Gong , Wenwen Cheng , Yubo Sheng , Baoyu Zheng

The practical deployment of high-capacity free-space optical communication is fundamentally limited by atmospheric turbulence, a challenge that conventional mode-sorting techniques have failed to overcome. While engineered optical computers…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-26 Christopher R. Rawlings , Mitchell A. Cox

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure key exchange based on the principles of quantum mechanics, with higher-dimensional photonic states offering enhanced channel capacity and resilience to noise. Free-space QKD is crucial for global…