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This work explores the capability of conversational chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs), to understand and characterize predicate symmetry, a cognitive linguistic function traditionally believed to be an inherent human trait.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Daniela N. Rim , Heeyoul Choi

Multimodal models like GPT4o and Gemini Flash are exceptional at inference and summarization tasks, which approach human-level in performance. However, we find that these models underperform compared to humans when asked to do very specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Nikita Singh , Rob Balian , Lukas Martinelli

AI chatbots are increasingly used by students as study tools in physics, raising practical questions about their reliability on conceptual tasks. Existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) on physics concept inventories rely…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-12 Eugenio Tufino , Caterina Giovanzana , Andrea Zamboni , Pasquale Onorato , Stefano Oss

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of educational tasks, but are still understudied for their potential to solve mathematical problems. In this study, we compare three prominent LLMs, including GPT-4o,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ruonan Wang , Runxi Wang , Yunwen Shen , Chengfeng Wu , Qinglin Zhou , Rohitash Chandra

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of five leading large language models (LLMs) - Chat GPT 4o, Copilot Pro, Gemini Advanced, Claude Pro, and Meta AI - on their performance in solving calculus differentiation problems. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 In Hak Moon

Vision Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate promising chart comprehension capabilities. Yet, prior explorations of their visualization literacy have been limited to assessing their response correctness and fail to explore their internal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Lianghan Dong , Anamaria Crisan

The well-known artificial intelligence-based chatbot ChatGPT-4 has become able to process image data as input in October 2023. We investigated its performance on the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics to inform the physics education…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-02-10 Giulia Polverini , Bor Gregorcic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in medical knowledge assessments, yet their practical utility in real-world clinical decision-making remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mengdi Chai , Ali R. Zomorrodi

The rapidly evolving sector of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is at the forefront of integrating linguistic and visual processing in artificial intelligence. This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of two pioneering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhangyang Qi , Ye Fang , Mengchen Zhang , Zeyi Sun , Tong Wu , Ziwei Liu , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang , Hengshuang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the landscape of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), with innovative LLM-backed solutions emerging rapidly. However, when applied to database technologies, specifically query…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Siraj Munir , Alessandro Aldini

GenAI chatbots are now pervasive in digital ecosystems, fundamentally reshaping user interactions over the Internet. Their reliance on an always-online, cloud-centric operating model introduces novel traffic dynamics that challenge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Antonio Montieri , Alfredo Nascita , Antonio Pescapè

Vision language models (VLMs) have recently emerged and gained the spotlight for their ability to comprehend the dual modality of image and textual data. VLMs such as LLaVA, ChatGPT-4, and Gemini have recently shown impressive performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Prateek Verma , Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Student commitment towards a learning recommendation is not separable from their understanding of the reasons it was recommended to them; and their ability to modify it based on that understanding. Among explainability approaches, chatbots…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hasan Abu-Rasheed , Mohamad Hussam Abdulsalam , Christian Weber , Madjid Fathi

There are growing promises that Large Language Models (LLMs) can support students' learning by providing explanations, feedback, and guidance. However, despite their rapid adoption and widespread attention, there is still limited empirical…

Although both Google Gemini (1.5 Flash) and ChatGPT (4o and 4o-mini) give research quality evaluation scores that correlate positively with expert scores in nearly all fields, and more strongly that citations in most, it is not known…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mike Thelwall

Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Katarina Trojachanec Dineva , Stefan Andonov , Ilinka Ivanoska , Ivan Kitanovski , Sasho Gramatikov , Tamara Kostova , Monika Simjanoska Misheva , Kostadin Mishev

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, LlaMa, and Claude are trained on massive quantities of text parsed from the internet and have shown a remarkable ability to respond to complex prompts in a manner often indistinguishable…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-01 Darui Lu , Yang Deng , Jordan M. Malof , Willie J. Padilla

The explorations and applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various domains becomes increasingly vital as it continues to evolve. While much attention has been focused on Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, this research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Julius Sechang Mboli , John G. O. Marko , Rose Anazin Yemson

With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), investigating if they can surpass humans in areas such as emotion recognition and empathetic responding has become a focal point of research. This paper presents a comprehensive study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

Our everyday lives now heavily rely on artificial intelligence (AI) powered large language models (LLMs). Like regular users, programmers are also benefiting from the newest large language models. In response to the critical role that AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Md Kamrul Siam , Huanying Gu , Jerry Q. Cheng