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Reasoning based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention due to outstanding performance of these models in mathematical and complex logical tasks. Beginning with the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting technique,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuto Suzuki , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

With the widespread use of language models (LMs) in NLP tasks, researchers have discovered the potential of Chain-of-thought (CoT) to assist LMs in accomplishing complex reasoning tasks by generating intermediate steps. However, human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting with large language models has proven effective in numerous natural language processing tasks, but designing prompts that generalize well to diverse problem types can be challenging, especially in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Zhanming Jie , Wei Lu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has proven remarkably effective for eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet, its potential in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains largely untapped, hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingxiao Li , Yifan Wang , Xinyan Gao , Chen Tang , Xiangyu Yue , Chenyu You

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enables large language models to solve complex reasoning problems by generating intermediate steps. However, confined by its inherent single-pass and sequential generation process, CoT heavily relies on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jingyuan Qi , Zhiyang Xu , Ying Shen , Minqian Liu , Di Jin , Qifan Wang , Lifu Huang

Chain-of-Thought prompting has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models, with numerous studies exploring factors influencing its performance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Hao Yang , Qianghua Zhao , Lei Li

Visual language such as charts and plots is ubiquitous in the human world. Comprehending plots and charts requires strong reasoning skills. Prior state-of-the-art (SOTA) models require at least tens of thousands of training examples and…

Current image generation and editing methods primarily process textual prompts as direct inputs without reasoning about visual composition and explicit operations. We present Generation Chain-of-Thought (GoT), a novel paradigm that enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Rongyao Fang , Chengqi Duan , Kun Wang , Linjiang Huang , Hao Li , Shilin Yan , Hao Tian , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao , Jifeng Dai , Xihui Liu , Hongsheng Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps models think step by step. But naive CoT breaks down in visually grounded social tasks, where models must perceive, understand, and judge all at once; bridging perception with norm-grounded reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Gunhee Kim , Motahhare Eslami , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models, such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (aka. GPT-3), have been developed to understand language through the analysis of extensive text data, allowing them to identify patterns and connections between words.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Baphumelele Masikisiki , Vukosi Marivate , Yvette Hlope

We propose MIRA, a new benchmark designed to evaluate models in scenarios where generating intermediate visual images is essential for successful reasoning. Unlike traditional CoT methods that rely solely on text, tasks in MIRA require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yiyang Zhou , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Zeyu Wang , Niklas Muennighoff , Fan Nie , Yejin Choi , James Zou , Chaorui Deng , Shen Yan , Haoqi Fan , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao , Qinghao Ye

While previous multimodal slow-thinking methods have demonstrated remarkable success in single-image understanding scenarios, their effectiveness becomes fundamentally constrained when extended to more complex multi-image comprehension…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Guanghao Zhang , Tao Zhong , Yan Xia , Mushui Liu , Zhelun Yu , Haoyuan Li , Wanggui He , Fangxun Shu , Dong She , Yi Wang , Hao Jiang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). However, its vast potential remains largely unexplored for graphs. This raises an interesting question: How can we design CoT prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xingtong Yu , Chang Zhou , Zhongwei Kuai , Xinming Zhang , Yuan Fang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance on various reasoning tasks. To further improve the performance, we propose MultiTool-CoT, a novel framework that leverages chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to incorporate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tatsuro Inaba , Hirokazu Kiyomaru , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Large language models have been shown to struggle with multi-step reasoning, and do not retain previous reasoning steps for future use. We propose a simple method for solving both of these problems by allowing the model to take Self-Notes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jack Lanchantin , Shubham Toshniwal , Jason Weston , Arthur Szlam , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Large language model (LLM) performance on reasoning problems typically does not generalize out of distribution. Previous work has claimed that this can be mitigated with chain of thought prompting-a method of demonstrating solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

Reasoning segmentation is a challenging vision-language task that aims to output the segmentation mask with respect to a complex, implicit, and even non-visual query text. Previous works incorporated multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shiu-hong Kao , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Boshi Wang , Sewon Min , Xiang Deng , Jiaming Shen , You Wu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Huan Sun