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Modular vision-language models (Vision-LLMs) align pretrained image encoders with (frozen) large language models (LLMs) and post-hoc condition LLMs to `understand' the image input. With the abundance of readily available high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Gregor Geigle , Abhay Jain , Radu Timofte , Goran Glavaš

Text contained in an image carries high-level semantics that can be exploited to achieve richer image understanding. In particular, the mere presence of text provides strong guiding content that should be employed to tackle a diversity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Andres Mafla , Sounak Dey , Ali Furkan Biten , Lluis Gomez , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Traditional image classification requires a predefined list of semantic categories. In contrast, Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) can sidestep this requirement by classifying images directly using natural language (e.g., answering the prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Alessandro Conti , Massimiliano Mancini , Enrico Fini , Yiming Wang , Paolo Rota , Elisa Ricci

Large language models (LLMs) have notably accelerated progress towards artificial general intelligence (AGI), with their impressive zero-shot capacity for user-tailored tasks, endowing them with immense potential across a range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Wenhai Wang , Zhe Chen , Xiaokang Chen , Jiannan Wu , Xizhou Zhu , Gang Zeng , Ping Luo , Tong Lu , Jie Zhou , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown great promise in language-guided perceptual tasks such as recognition, segmentation, and object detection. However, their effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xu Cao , Yifan Shen , Bolin Lai , Wenqian Ye , Yunsheng Ma , Joerg Heintz , Jintai Chen , Meihuan Huang , Jianguo Cao , Aidong Zhang , James M. Rehg

The visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task is to choose an answer and provide a justifying rationale based on the given image and textural question. Representative works first recognize objects in images and then associate them with key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jian Zhu , Hanli Wang , Miaojing Shi

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have been cherished for their ability to perform zero-shot visual recognition on open-vocabulary concepts. This is achieved by selecting the object category whose textual representation bears the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shaunak Halbe , Junjiao Tian , K J Joseph , James Seale Smith , Katherine Stevo , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Zsolt Kira

Recent advances in computer vision have yielded models with strong performance on recognition benchmarks; however, significant gaps remain in comparison to human perception. One subtle ability is to judge whether an image looks like a given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Itay Cohen , Ethan Fetaya , Amir Rosenfeld

Explainable object recognition using vision-language models such as CLIP involves predicting accurate category labels supported by rationales that justify the decision-making process. Existing methods typically rely on prompt-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ali Rasekh , Sepehr Kazemi Ranjbar , Simon Gottschalk

We introduce Blink, a new benchmark for multimodal language models (LLMs) that focuses on core visual perception abilities not found in other evaluations. Most of the Blink tasks can be solved by humans "within a blink" (e.g., relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xingyu Fu , Yushi Hu , Bangzheng Li , Yu Feng , Haoyu Wang , Xudong Lin , Dan Roth , Noah A. Smith , Wei-Chiu Ma , Ranjay Krishna

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks, but visual object hallucination remains a persistent issue. It refers to scenarios where models generate inaccurate visual object-related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Liqiang Jing , Guiming Hardy Chen , Ehsan Aghazadeh , Xin Eric Wang , Xinya Du

Large vision-and-language models (VLMs) trained to match images with text on large-scale datasets of image-text pairs have shown impressive generalization ability on several vision and language tasks. Several recent works, however, showed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable vision-language capabilities, primarily due to the exceptional in-context understanding and multi-task learning strengths of large language models (LLMs). The advent of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jianing Li , Xi Nan , Ming Lu , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made substantial advances in reasoning tasks at the Olympiad level. Nevertheless, current Olympiad-level multimodal reasoning benchmarks for these models often emphasize single-image analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qiguang Chen , Chengyu Luan , Jiajun Wu , Qiming Yu , Yi Yang , Yizhuo Li , Jingqi Tong , Xiachong Feng , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che

The ability to accurately interpret complex visual information is a crucial topic of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Recent work indicates that enhanced visual perception significantly reduces hallucinations and improves…

Accurately describing images with text is a foundation of explainable AI. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have recently addressed this by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, expressing semantic similarities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Pingchuan Ma , Lennart Rietdorf , Dmytro Kotovenko , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) typically build on ViTs (e.g., CLIP), yet their training with simple random in-batch negatives limits the ability to capture fine-grained visual differences, particularly in geometric scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kai Sun , Yushi Bai , Zhen Yang , Jiajie Zhang , Ji Qi , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Frontier multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have been reported to achieve over 90% accuracy on fine-grained perception benchmarks. However, such scores do not necessarily imply faithful use of visual evidence. Prior studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jingru Chen , Yiming Liu , Mingtao Chen , Sijie Chen , Richeng Xuan , Liang Yang , Zhichao Hu , Fanyang Lu

Autonomous driving perception systems are particularly vulnerable in foggy conditions, where light scattering reduces contrast and obscures fine details critical for safe operation. While numerous defogging methods exist, from handcrafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ardalan Aryashad , Parsa Razmara , Amin Mahjoub , Seyedarmin Azizi , Mahdi Salmani , Arad Firouzkouhi

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual reasoning tasks but remain highly susceptible to hallucination. Existing detection methods predominantly rely on coarse, whole-image measures of how an object token…