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For over a hundred years, electron transport in conductive materials has been primarily described by the Drude model, which assumes that current flow is impeded primarily by momentum-relaxing collisions between electrons and extrinsic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-06 Aaron Hui , Brian Skinner

High-energy nuclear collisions produce a nonequilibrium plasma of quarks and gluons which thermalizes and exhibits hydrodynamic flow. There are currently no practical frameworks to connect the early particle production in classical field…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-30 Aleksi Kurkela , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Jean-François Paquet , Sören Schlichting , Derek Teaney

The dynamics of gluons and quarks in a relativistic nuclear collision are described, within the framework of a classical mean-field transport theory, by the coupled equations for the Yang-Mills field and a collection of colored point…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 W. Poeschl , B. Mueller

We review progress in the hydrodynamic description of heavy-ion collisions, focusing on recent developments in modeling the fluctuating initial state and event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic simulations. We discuss how hydrodynamics can be…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Bjoern Schenke

We examine a scenario of the abelianized Glasma evolution with accounting for back-reaction of partonic medium in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We announce that such a generalization leads to the instabilities and the presence of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-17 A. V. Nazarenko

We propose a new scenario characterizing the transition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions from a highly non-equilibrium state at early times toward a fluid described by hydrodynamics at late times. We develop…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-03-11 Jasmine Brewer , Li Yan , Yi Yin

I argue that the physics of the scattering of very high energy strongly interacting particles is controlled by a new, universal form of matter, the Color Glass Condensate. This matter is the dominant contribution to the low x part of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-04-22 Larry McLerran

The gravitational hydrodynamics of the primordial plasma with neutrino hot dark matter is considered as a challenge to the bottom-up cold dark matter paradigm. Viscosity and turbulence induce a top-down fragmentation scenario before and at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-08 Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen , Carl H. Gibson , Rudy E. Schild

The JIMWLK equation with a "daughter dipole" running coupling is solved numerically starting from an initial condition given by the McLerran-Venugopalan model. The resulting Wilson line configurations are then used to compute the spectrum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-09 T. Lappi

We present an analytic study of the physics of the glasma which is a strong classical gluon field created at early stage of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Our analysis is based on the picture that the glasma just after the collision is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Fujii , K. Itakura

To describe ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we construct a three-fluid hydrodynamical model. In contrast to one-fluid hydrodynamics, it accounts for the finite stopping power of nuclear matter, i.e. for nonequilibrium effects in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 J. Brachmann , A. Dumitru , J. A. Maruhn , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner , D. H. Rischke

Fluid dynamical description of elementary particle collisions has a long history dating back to the works of Landau and Fermi. Nevertheless, it is during the last 10-15 years when fluid dynamics has become the standard tool to describe the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-12-05 Pasi Huovinen

Gluons are strong interaction gauge fields which interact between quarks, i.e. constituents of baryons and mesons. Interaction of matters is phenomenologically described by gauge theory of strong, electromagnetic, weak and gravitational…

General Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Sadataka Furui

Modelling Quark-Gluon Plasma formation and decay in high energy heavy ion reactions is presented in a framework of a multi-module setup. The collective features, governing the equlibrated fluid dynamical stages of the model are emphasized.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. P. Csernai , A. Anderlik , Cs. Anderlik , A. Keranen , V. K. Magas , J. Manninen , E. Molnar , A. Nyiri , B. R. Schlei , D. D. Strottman , K. Tamosiunas

We show that an observable fraction of the measured elliptic flow may originate in classical gluon fields at the initial stage of a peripheral high-energy nuclear collision. This mechanism complements the contribution of late stage…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-30 Alex Krasnitz , Yasushi Nara , Raju Venugopalan

Quantum fluctuations are believed to play an important role in the thermalization of classical fields in inflationary cosmology but their relevance for isotropization/thermalization of the classical fields produced in heavy ion collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-17 K. Dusling , T. Epelbaum , F. Gelis , R. Venugopalan

The dynamics of strongly interacting particles are governed by Yang-Mills (Y-M) theory, which is a natural generalization of Maxwell Electrodynamics (ED). Its quantized version is known as quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and has been very well…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Subramanya Bhat K N , Amita Das , V Ravishankar , Bhooshan Paradkar

In peripheral heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies, usually only parts of the colliding nuclei effectively interact with each other. In the overlapping zone, a fireball or quark-gluon plasma is produced. The excitation energy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-14 K. Mazurek , A. Szczurek , C. Schmitt , P. N. Nadtochy

Fluid dynamical models preceded the first heavy ion accelerator experiments, and led to the main trend of this research since then. In recent years fluid dynamical processes became a dominant direction of research in high energy heavy ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-13 L. P. Csernai , H. Stoecker

A strong classical color field, known as the glasma, is generated in the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can significantly influence the momentum and spin dynamics of hard probes such as quarks and jets. Most…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-11-26 Jie Zhou , Ying Shan Zhao , Yifeng Sun
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