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Related papers: Transferable Boltzmann Generators

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Normalizing flows are a class of deep generative models that are especially interesting for modeling probability distributions in physics, where the exact likelihood of flows allows reweighting to known target energy functions and computing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-27 Leon Klein , Andreas Krämer , Frank Noé

Flow-based generative models have been employed for sampling the Boltzmann distribution, but their application to high-dimensional systems is hindered by the significant computational cost of obtaining the Jacobian of the flow. To overcome…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-30 Xin Peng , Ang Gao

Molecular dynamics is the primary computational method by which modern structural biology explores macromolecule structure and function. Boltzmann generators have been proposed as an alternative to molecular dynamics, by replacing the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Congzhou M. Sha , Jian Wang , Nikolay V. Dokholyan

Boltzmann machines are physics informed generative models with wide applications in machine learning. They can learn the probability distribution from an input dataset and generate new samples accordingly. Applying them back to physics, the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-11-20 Lei Wang

In recent years, researchers have been exploring ways to generalize Boltzmann machines (BMs) to quantum systems, leading to the development of variations such as fully-visible and restricted quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs). Due to the…

Born-rule generative modeling, a central task in quantum machine learning, seeks to learn probability distributions that can be efficiently sampled by measuring complex quantum states. One hope is for quantum models to efficiently capture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Mark M. Wilde

Scalable sampling of molecular states in thermodynamic equilibrium is a long-standing challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators tackle this problem by pairing a generative model, capable of exact likelihood computation, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Danyal Rehman , Tara Akhound-Sadegh , Artem Gazizov , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong

Boltzmann machine is a powerful tool for modeling probability distributions that govern the training data. A thermal equilibrium state is typically used for Boltzmann machine learning to obtain a suitable probability distribution. The…

Boltzmann generators (BGs) are now recognized as forefront generative models for sampling equilibrium states of many-body systems in the canonical ensemble, as well as for calculating the corresponding Helmholtz free energy. Furthermore,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-16 Steyn van Leeuwen , Alberto Pérez de Alba Ortíz , Marjolein Dijkstra

We present transductive Boltzmann machines (TBMs), which firstly achieve transductive learning of the Gibbs distribution. While exact learning of the Gibbs distribution is impossible by the family of existing Boltzmann machines due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-22 Mahito Sugiyama , Koji Tsuda , Hiroyuki Nakahara

Molecular conformation generation, a critical aspect of computational chemistry, involves producing the three-dimensional conformer geometry for a given molecule. Generating molecular conformation via diffusion requires learning to reverse…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Zihan Zhou , Ruiying Liu , Chaolong Ying , Ruimao Zhang , Tianshu Yu

Boltzmann generators approach the sampling problem in many-body physics by combining a normalizing flow and a statistical reweighting method to generate samples of a physical system's equilibrium density. The equilibrium distribution is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Manuel Dibak , Leon Klein , Frank Noé

A Boltzmann machine is a stochastic neural network that has been extensively used in the layers of deep architectures for modern machine learning applications. In this paper, we develop a Boltzmann machine that is capable of modelling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-18 Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko

The Boltzmann machine provides a useful framework to learn highly complex, multimodal and multiscale data distributions that occur in the real world. The default method to learn its parameters consists of minimizing the Kullback-Leibler…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-09 Grégoire Montavon , Klaus-Robert Müller , Marco Cuturi

Sampling from unnormalized target distributions, e.g.\ Boltzmann distributions $\mu_{\text{target}}(x) \propto \exp(-E(x)/T)$, is fundamental to many scientific applications yet computationally challenging due to complex, high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Niclas Dern , Lennart Redl , Sebastian Pfister , Marcel Kollovieh , David Lüdke , Stephan Günnemann

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions is a fundamental challenge in computational physics and machine learning. While score-based and variational methods have achieved success in continuous domains, extending them to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lei Li , Zhen Wang , Lishuo Zhang

Simulation-free training frameworks have been at the forefront of the generative modelling revolution in continuous spaces, leading to large-scale diffusion and flow matching models. However, such modern generative models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Danyal Rehman , Oscar Davis , Jiarui Lu , Jian Tang , Michael Bronstein , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong , Avishek Joey Bose

Sampling configurations at thermodynamic equilibrium is a central challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators (BGs) tackle it by combining a generative model with a Monte Carlo (MC) correction step to obtain asymptotically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 Louis Grenioux , Maxence Noble

While generative modeling has achieved remarkable success on tasks like natural language-conditioned image generation, enabling model adaptation from example data points remains a relatively underexplored and challenging problem. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tyler Ingebrand , Ruihan Zhao , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Bayesian transfer learning (BTL) is defined in this paper as the task of conditioning a target probability distribution on a transferred source distribution. The target globally models the interaction between the source and target, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Milan Papež , Anthony Quinn