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Fine-tuning is powerful for adapting large language models to downstream tasks, but it often results in huge memory usages. A promising approach to mitigate this is using Zeroth-Order (ZO) optimization, which estimates gradients to replace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Fei Wang , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Chao Xue , Ye Liu , Changxing Ding

Motivated, in part, by the rise of permissionless systems such as Bitcoin where arbitrary nodes (whose identities are not known apriori) can join and leave at will, we extend established research in scalable Byzantine agreement to a more…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-26 John Augustine , Valerie King , Anisur R. Molla , Gopal Pandurangan , Jared Saia

Consider a complete communication network of $n$ nodes, where the nodes receive a common clock pulse. We study the synchronous $c$-counting problem: given any starting state and up to $f$ faulty nodes with arbitrary behaviour, the task is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Christoph Lenzen , Joel Rybicki , Jukka Suomela

The dual challenges of prohibitive communication overhead and the impracticality of gradient computation due to data privacy or black-box constraints in distributed systems motivate this work on communication-constrained gradient-free…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Youqing Hua , Shuai Liu , Yiguang Hong , Wei Ren

In a recent paper, Jaggi et al. (INFOCOM 2007), presented a distributed polynomial-time rate-optimal network-coding scheme that works in the presence of Byzantine faults. We revisit their adversarial models and augment them with three,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-06 Leah Nutman , Michael Langberg

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization has gained attention as a memory-efficient alternative to first-order (FO) methods, particularly in settings where gradient computation is expensive or even impractical. Beyond its memory efficiency, in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Wanhao Yu , Zheng Wang , Shuteng Niu , Sen Lin , Li Yang

Distributed learning enables scalable model training over decentralized data, but remains hindered by Byzantine faults and high communication costs. While both challenges have been studied extensively in isolation, their interplay has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Diksha Gupta , Antonio Honsell , Chuan Xu , Nirupam Gupta , Giovanni Neglia

The celebrated result of Fischer, Lynch and Paterson is the fundamental lower bound for asynchronous fault tolerant computation: any 1-crash resilient asynchronous agreement protocol must have some (possibly measure zero) probability of not…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ittai Abraham , Danny Dolev , Gilad Stern

The development of fault-tolerant distributed systems that can tolerate Byzantine behavior has traditionally been focused on consensus protocols, which support fully-replicated designs. For the development of more sophisticated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Jelle Hellings , Mohammad Sadoghi

Consensus is one of the most fundamental distributed computing problems. In particular, it serves as a building block in many replication based fault-tolerant systems and in particular in multiple recent blockchain solutions. Depending on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Yehonatan Buchnik , Roy Friedman

We introduce an information-theoretic framework, named Coded State Machine (CSM), to securely and efficiently execute multiple state machines on untrusted network nodes, some of which are Byzantine. The standard method of solving this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Songze Li , Saeid Sahraei , Mingchao Yu , Salman Avestimehr , Sreeram Kannan , Pramod Viswanath

Federated learning has attracted increasing attention at recent large-scale optimization and machine learning research and applications, but is also vulnerable to Byzantine clients that can send any erroneous signals. Robust aggregators are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ziyi Chen , Su Zhang , Heng Huang

Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) has been used to train a wide range of large language models on massive GPUs clusters due to its ease of use, efficiency, and good scalability. However, when training on low-bandwidth clusters, or at scale…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Guanhua Wang , Heyang Qin , Sam Ade Jacobs , Connor Holmes , Samyam Rajbhandari , Olatunji Ruwase , Feng Yan , Lei Yang , Yuxiong He

Federated learning has shown its advances over the last few years but is facing many challenges, such as how algorithms save communication resources, how they reduce computational costs, and whether they converge. To address these issues,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Shenglong Zhou , Geoffrey Ye Li

Consensus is one of the most thoroughly studied problems in distributed computing, yet there are still complexity gaps that have not been bridged for decades. In particular, in the classical message-passing setting with processes' crashes,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-25 MohammadTaghi HajiAghayi , Dariusz R. Kowalski , Jan Olkowski

Robustness to Byzantine attacks is a necessity for various distributed training scenarios. When the training reduces to the process of solving a minimization problem, Byzantine robustness is relatively well-understood. However, other…

Federated learning (FL) is a promising learning paradigm that can tackle the increasingly prominent isolated data islands problem while keeping users' data locally with privacy and security guarantees. However, FL could result in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Peng Yang , Yuning Jiang , Ting Wang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Colin N. Jones

We present a learning-augmented online algorithm for the preemptive FIFO buffer management problem, where packets arrive online to a finite-capacity buffer, must be transmitted in FIFO order, and the algorithm may preemptively discard…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wen-Han Hsieh , Ya-Chun Liang

Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Solid-state quantum memories can provide broadband storage, but they primarily suffer from low storage efficiency. We use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Yisheng Lei , Haechan An , Zongfeng Li , Mahdi Hosseini

In this letter, we first propose a \underline{Z}eroth-\underline{O}rder c\underline{O}ordinate \underline{M}ethod~(ZOOM) to solve the stochastic optimization problem over a decentralized network with only zeroth-order~(ZO) oracle feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Shengjun Zhang , Tan Shen , Hongwei Sun , Yunlong Dong , Dong Xie , Heng Zhang