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Environmentally-powered computer systems operate on renewable energy harvested from their environment, such as solar or wind, and stored in batteries. While harvesting environmental energy has long been necessary for small-scale embedded…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Noman Bashir , Yasra Chandio , David Irwin , Fatima M. Anwar , Jeremy Gummeson , Prashant Shenoy

Machine learning continues to emerge as an important tool to be utilised within structural engineering and structural health monitoring, due to its ability to accurately and quickly perform both regression and classification tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Daisy R Bradley , Elizabeth J Cross

Machine-learned interatomic potentials (MILPs) are rapidly gaining interest for molecular modeling, as they provide a balance between quantum-mechanical level descriptions of atomic interactions and reasonable computational efficiency.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Gustavo R. Pérez-Lemus , Yinan Xu , Yezhi Jin , Pablo F. Zubieta Rico , Juan J. de Pablo

The increasing use of information technology has led to a significant share of energy consumption and carbon emissions from data centers. These contributions are expected to rise with the growing demand for big data analytics, increasing…

Urbanization enables economic growth but also harms the environment through degradation. Traditional methods of detecting environmental issues have proven inefficient. Machine learning has emerged as a promising tool for tracking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Anirudh Mazumder , Sarthak Engala , Aditya Nallaparaju

In recent times, there has been definitive progress in the field of NLP, with its applications growing as the utility of our language models increases with advances in their performance. However, these models require a large amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Mirza Yusuf , Praatibh Surana , Gauri Gupta , Krithika Ramesh

The use of deep learning (DL) on Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices offers numerous advantages over cloud-based processing. However, such devices face substantial energy constraints to prolong battery-life, or may even operate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Josh Millar , Hamed Haddadi , Anil Madhavapeddy

Efficient use of energy is essential for today's supercomputing systems, as energy cost is generally a major component of their operational cost. Research into "green computing" is needed to reduce the environmental impact of running these…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Stefano Corda , Bram Veenboer , Emma Tolley

Progress in machine learning (ML) comes with a cost to the environment, given that training ML models requires significant computational resources, energy and materials. In the present article, we aim to quantify the carbon footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Sylvain Viguier , Anne-Laure Ligozat

Forming a reliable judgement of a machine learning (ML) model's appropriateness for an application ecosystem is critical for its responsible use, and requires considering a broad range of factors including harms, benefits, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Ben Hutchinson , Negar Rostamzadeh , Christina Greer , Katherine Heller , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

Environmental sustainability is a major and relevant challenge facing computing. Therefore, we must start teaching theory, techniques, and practices that both increase an awareness in our student population as well a provide concrete advice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Henrik Bærbak Christensen , Maja Hanne Kirkeby , Bent Thomsen , Lone Leth Thomsen

We present EnergyLens, an end-to-end framework for energy-aware large language model (LLM) inference optimization. As LLMs scale, predicting and reducing their energy footprint has become critical for sustainability and datacenter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhiye Song , Kyungmi Lee , Eun Kyung Lee , Xin Zhang , Tamar Eilam , Anantha P. Chandrakasan

Given the complexity and heterogeneity in Cloud computing scenarios, the modeling approach has widely been employed to investigate and analyze the energy consumption of Cloud applications, by abstracting real-world objects and processes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Zheng Li , Selome Tesfatsion , Saeed Bastani , Ahmed Ali-Eldin , Erik Elmroth , Maria Kihl , Rajiv Ranjan

In the rapidly evolving realm of artificial intelligence, deploying large language models (LLMs) poses increasingly pressing computational and environmental challenges. This paper introduces MELODI - Monitoring Energy Levels and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Erik Johannes Husom , Arda Goknil , Lwin Khin Shar , Sagar Sen

Recent advances in Machine Learning(ML) have led to its broad adoption in a series of power system applications, ranging from meter data analytics, renewable/load/price forecasting to grid security assessment. Although these data-driven…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Yize Chen , Yushi Tan , Deepjyoti Deka

While Generative AI stands to be one of the fastest adopted technologies ever, studies have made evident that the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) puts significant burden on energy grids and our environment. It may prove a hindrance to…

The shift from cloud-hosted Large Language Models (LLMs) to locally deployed open-source Small Language Models (SLMs) has democratized AI-assisted coding; however, it has also decentralized the environmental footprint of AI. While prompting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Md Afif Al Mamun , Sayan Nath , Gias Uddin , Novarun Deb

Machine learning can provide deep insights into data, allowing machines to make high-quality predictions and having been widely used in real-world applications, such as text mining, visual classification, and recommender systems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Meng Wang , Weijie Fu , Xiangnan He , Shijie Hao , Xindong Wu

In recent years,Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved in generating high-quality code, enabling their integration into developers' Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) as code assistants. These assistants, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Tristan Coignion , Clément Quinton , Romain Rouvoy

The rapid technological evolution has accelerated software development for various domains and use cases, contributing to a growing share of global carbon emissions. While recent large language models (LLMs) claim to assist developers in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Pooja Rani , Jan-Andrea Bard , June Sallou , Alexander Boll , Timo Kehrer , Alberto Bacchelli