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Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for tackling complex tasks across diverse domains, but they also raise privacy concerns when fine-tuned on sensitive data due to potential memorization. While differential privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Lynn Chua , Badih Ghazi , Yangsibo Huang , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Daogao Liu , Pasin Manurangsi , Amer Sinha , Chiyuan Zhang

The meanings of words and phrases depend not only on where they are used (contexts) but also on who use them (writers). Pretrained language models (PLMs) are powerful tools for capturing context, but they are typically pretrained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Daisuke Oba , Naoki Yoshinaga , Masashi Toyoda

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

Personalised text generation is essential for user-centric information systems, yet most evaluation methods overlook the individuality of users. We introduce \textbf{PREF}, a \textbf{P}ersonalised \textbf{R}eference-free \textbf{E}valuation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xiao Fu , Hossein A. Rahmani , Bin Wu , Jerome Ramos , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Meiling Tao , Chenghao Zhu , Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned with population-level preferences, despite substantial variation across individual users. We introduce POPI, a user-level personalization framework that separates the problem into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yizhuo Chen , Xin Liu , Ruijie Wang , Zheng Li , Pei Chen , Changlong Yu , Qingyu Yin , Priyanka Nigam , Meng Jiang , Bing Yin

Personalization is a critical task in modern intelligent systems, with applications spanning diverse domains, including interactions with large language models (LLMs). Recent advances in reasoning capabilities have significantly enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sichun Luo , Guanzhi Deng , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Critical peer review of scientific manuscripts presents a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), partly due to data limitations and the complexity of expert reasoning. This report introduces Persistent Workflow Prompting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Evgeny Markhasin

Accurately modeling user preferences is vital not only for improving recommendation performance but also for enhancing transparency in recommender systems. Conventional user profiling methods, such as averaging item embeddings, often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Milad Sabouri , Masoud Mansoury , Kun Lin , Bamshad Mobasher

Alignment algorithms are widely used to align large language models (LLMs) to human users based on preference annotations. Typically these (often divergent) preferences are aggregated over a diverse set of users, resulting in fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Cristina Garbacea , Chenhao Tan

Personalized text generation is an emerging research area that has attracted much attention in recent years. Most studies in this direction focus on a particular domain by designing bespoke features or models. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Yaqing Wang , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Yi Liang , Michael Bendersky

Aligning large language models (LLMs) typically aim to reflect general human values and behaviors, but they often fail to capture the unique characteristics and preferences of individual users. To address this gap, we introduce the concept…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Tool learning has emerged as a promising direction by extending Large Language Models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools. Existing tool learning studies primarily focus on the general-purpose tool-use capability, which addresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Fan Liu , Min Yang , Wenjie Li

User profile modeling plays a key role in personalized systems, as it requires building accurate profiles and updating them with new information. In this paper, we present two high-quality open-source user profile datasets: one for profile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Md Kowsher , Hafijur Raman , Israt Jahan Anny , Prakash Bhat , Ivan Garibay , Ozlem Garibay

Online learning has experienced rapid growth due to its flexibility and accessibility. Personalization, adapted to the needs of individual learners, is crucial for enhancing the learning experience, particularly in online settings. A key…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohammadreza Molavi , Mohammadreza Tavakoli , Mohammad Moein , Abdolali Faraji , Gábor Kismihók

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a standard approach for adapting large language models to specialized domains, yet its application to protein sequence modeling and protein language models (PLMs) remains ad hoc. This is in part because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Amin Tavakoli , Raswanth Murugan , Ozan Gokdemir , Arvind Ramanathan , Frances Arnold , Anima Anandkumar

Personalisation is a standard feature of conversational AI systems used by millions; yet, the efficacy of personalisation methods is often evaluated in academic research using simulated users rather than real people. This raises questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hannah Rose Kirk , Liu Leqi , Fanzhi Zeng , Henry Davidson , Bertie Vidgen , Christopher Summerfield , Scott A. Hale

The evolving pedagogy paradigms are leading toward educational transformations. One fundamental aspect of effective learning is relevant, immediate, and constructive feedback to students. Providing constructive feedback to large cohorts in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Javed Ali Khan , Muhammad Yaqoob , Mamoona Tasadduq , Hafsa Shareef Dar , Aitezaz Ahsan

Large Language Model (LLM) personalization aims to align model behaviors with individual user preferences. Existing methods often focus on isolated user histories, neglecting the essential role of inter-user differences. We propose C-BPO, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xilai Ma , Liye Zhao , Weijun Yao , Haibing Di , Wenya Wang , Jing Li

Although large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in NLP significantly, deploying them for downstream applications is still challenging due to cost, responsiveness, control, or concerns around privacy and security. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Dong-Ho Lee , Jay Pujara , Mohit Sewak , Ryen W. White , Sujay Kumar Jauhar