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Multi-modal language model has made advanced progress in vision and audio, but still faces significant challenges in dealing with complex reasoning tasks in the time series domain. The reasons are twofold. First, labels for multi-modal time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Haochuan Zhang , Chunhua Yang , Jie Han , Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of reasoning, planning, and acting within interactive environments. Despite their growing capability to perform multi-step reasoning and decision-making…

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in daily applications, from content generation to code writing, where each interaction treats the model as stateless, generating responses independently without memory. Yet human writing is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhanwei Cao , YeoJin Go , Yifan Hu , Shanu Sushmita

Studies have underscored how, regardless of the recent breakthrough and swift advances in AI research, even state-of-the-art Large Language models (LLMs) continue to struggle when performing logical and mathematical reasoning. The results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Federico Castagna , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons

Existing temporal QA benchmarks focus on simple fact-seeking queries from news corpora, while reasoning-intensive retrieval benchmarks lack temporal grounding. However, real-world information needs often require reasoning about temporal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Mohammed Ali , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Adam Jatowt

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

We examine the reasoning and planning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in solving complex tasks. Recent advances in inference-time techniques demonstrate the potential to enhance LLM reasoning without additional training by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shubham Parashar , Blake Olson , Sambhav Khurana , Eric Li , Hongyi Ling , James Caverlee , Shuiwang Ji

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), multidimensional evaluation has become increasingly critical. However, current evaluations are often domain-specific and overly complex, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haitao Wu , Zongbo Han , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Huaxi Huang , Changqing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit biases in reasoning capabilities due to linguistic modality, performing better on tasks in one language versus another, even with similar content. Most previous works evaluate this through reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 César Guerra-Solano , Zhuochun Li , Xiang Lorraine Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, yet this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient test-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced their performance by enabling in-depth understanding of diverse tasks. With growing interest in applying LLMs to the time series domain, this has proven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Shunyu Wu , Haozheng Ye , Jian Lou , Costas J. Spanos

Spatio-temporal data mining plays a pivotal role in informed decision making across diverse domains. However, existing models are often restricted to narrow tasks, lacking the capacity for multi-task inference and complex long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Kethmi Hirushini Hettige , Jiahao Ji , Cheng Long , Shili Xiang , Gao Cong , Jingyuan Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shifted from explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to more efficient latent reasoning, where intermediate thoughts are represented as vectors rather than text. However, latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wengao Ye , Yan Liang , Lianlei Shan

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance in a wide range of tasks, even if they are often trained with the only objective of chatting fluently with users. Among other skills, LLMs show emergent abilities in mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

Can large multimodal models have a human-like ability for emotional and social reasoning, and if so, how does it work? Recent research has discovered emergent theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). LLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhawnen Chen , Tianchun Wang , Yizhou Wang , Michal Kosinski , Xiang Zhang , Yun Fu , Sheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Human interactions are deeply rooted in the interplay of thoughts, beliefs, and desires made possible by Theory of Mind (ToM): our cognitive ability to understand the mental states of ourselves and others. Although ToM may come naturally to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Alex Wilf , Sihyun Shawn Lee , Paul Pu Liang , Louis-Philippe Morency

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability of individuals to attribute mental states to others. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown some promise with ToM ability, they still struggle with complex ToM reasoning. Our approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Weizhi Tang , Vaishak Belle