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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational paradigm for equipping large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, playing a critical role in information retrieval and knowledge-intensive applications. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Jingtao Zhan , Qian Dong , Yiqun Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a common method for integrating external knowledge into pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance accuracy and relevancy in question answering (QA) tasks. However, prompt engineering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Isaac Chung , Phat Vo , Arman C. Kizilkale , Aaron Reite

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for applying LLMs to proprietary domains. However, retrieved documents may contain sensitive knowledge, posing risks of privacy leakage in generative results. Thus, effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yujing Wang , Hainan Zhang , Liang Pang , Yongxin Tong , Binghui Guo , Hongwei Zheng , Zhiming Zheng

Recently, the personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate content that aligns with individual user preferences has garnered widespread attention. Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which retrieves relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Teng Shi , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines document retrieval with large language models to produce responses grounded in external evidence. While several R packages support core components of RAG workflows, integrated evaluation of RAG…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Muhammad Aimal Rehman , Zhili Lu , Chi-Kuang Yeh

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by leveraging external documents, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lingnan Xu , Chong Feng , Kaiyuan Zhang , Liu Zhengyong , Wenqiang Xu , Fanqing Meng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective method to enhance the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods typically optimize the retriever or the generator in a RAG system by directly using the top-k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shaohan Wang , Licheng Zhang , Zheren Fu , Zhendong Mao , Yongdong Zhang

Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) metrics, such as nDCG, MAP, and MRR, assume that human users sequentially examine documents with diminishing attention to lower ranks. This assumption breaks down in Retrieval Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Giovanni Trappolini , Florin Cuconasu , Simone Filice , Yoelle Maarek , Fabrizio Silvestri

Large language models (LLMs) often generate outdated or inaccurate information based on static training datasets. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this by integrating outside data sources. While previous RAG systems used…

RAG systems face limitations when semantic relevance alone does not guarantee improved generation quality. This issue becomes particularly evident due to the sensitivity of large language models (LLMs) to the ordering of few-shot prompts,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yu Bai , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dawei Wang , Dan Li , Yanyu Ren , Hongtao Xie , Ce Yang , Xuhui Cai

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown promising potential in knowledge intensive question answering (QA). However, existing approaches only consider the query itself, neither specifying the retrieval preferences for the retrievers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhongwu Chen , Chengjin Xu , Dingmin Wang , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Xuhui Jiang , Jian Guo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) is especially valuable in specialized domains, where precision is critical. To more specialize the LLMs into a target domain, domain-specific RAG has recently been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Juntae Lee , Jihwan Bang , Seunghan Yang , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving documents from an external corpus at inference time. When this corpus contains sensitive information, however, unprotected RAG systems are at risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ruihan Wu , Erchi Wang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yu-Xiang Wang

The conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm of injecting raw retrieved texts into the Large Language Model (LLM)'s context often results in suboptimal integration of retrieved information. This paper proposes to bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sangkwon Park , Donghun Kang , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Electronic health records (EHRs) are long, noisy, and often redundant, posing a major challenge for the clinicians who must navigate them. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising solution for extracting and reasoning over this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Skatje Myers , Dmitriy Dligach , Timothy A. Miller , Samantha Barr , Yanjun Gao , Matthew Churpek , Anoop Mayampurath , Majid Afshar

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

Recently, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has achieved remarkable success in addressing the challenges of Large Language Models (LLMs) without necessitating retraining. By referencing an external knowledge base, RAG refines LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Boci Peng , Yun Zhu , Yongchao Liu , Xiaohe Bo , Haizhou Shi , Chuntao Hong , Yan Zhang , Siliang Tang

Safety critical software assessment requires robust assessment against complex regulatory frameworks, a process traditionally limited by manual evaluation. This paper presents Document Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning (DRAFT), a novel…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs) for solving question-answer (QA) tasks. The state-of-the-art RAG approaches often use the graph data as the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Yixiang Fang , Yingli Zhou , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Large language models (LLM) hold significant potential for applications in biomedicine, but they struggle with hallucinations and outdated knowledge. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is generally employed to address these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiwoong Sohn , Yein Park , Chanwoong Yoon , Sihyeon Park , Hyeon Hwang , Mujeen Sung , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang