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Large language models have been shown to memorize significant portions of their training data, which they can reproduce when appropriately prompted. This work investigates the impact of simple pruning techniques on this behavior. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mansi Gupta , Nikhar Waghela , Sarthak Gupta , Shourya Goel , Sanjif Shanmugavelu

Post-training pruning is an effective approach for reducing the size and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), but existing methods often face a trade-off between pruning quality and computational efficiency. Heuristic pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Peiqi Yu , Jinhao Wang , Xinyi Sui , Nam Ling , Wei Wang , Wei Jiang

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

We conceptualize the process of understanding as information compression, and propose a method for ranking large language models (LLMs) based on lossless data compression. We demonstrate the equivalence of compression length under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Peijia Guo , Ziguang Li , Haibo Hu , Chao Huang , Ming Li , Rui Zhang

Language Model (LM) pruning compresses the model by removing weights, nodes, or other parts of its architecture. Typically, pruning focuses on the resulting efficiency gains at the cost of effectiveness. However, when looking at how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Pietro Tropeano , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Christina Lioma

The training of large language models (LLMs) is expensive. In this paper, we study data-efficient approaches for pre-training LLMs, i.e., techniques that aim to optimize the Pareto frontier of model quality and training resource/data…

Language models (LMs) for virtual assistants (VAs) are typically trained on large amounts of data, resulting in prohibitively large models which require excessive memory and/or cannot be used to serve user requests in real-time. Entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Sashank Gondala , Lyan Verwimp , Ernest Pusateri , Manos Tsagkias , Christophe Van Gysel

Modern language models (LMs) increasingly require two critical resources: computational resources and data resources. Data selection techniques can effectively reduce the amount of training data required for fine-tuning LMs. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Hongming Li , Yang Liu , Chao Huang

While data selection methods have been studied extensively in active learning, data pruning, and data augmentation settings, there is little evidence for the efficacy of these methods in industry scale settings, particularly in low-resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Anusha Sabbineni , Nikhil Anand , Maria Minakova

Training data influence estimation methods quantify the contribution of training documents to a model's output, making them a promising source of information for example-based explanations. As humans cannot interpret thousands of documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Loris Schoenegger , Benjamin Roth

Language model fine-tuning is essential for modern natural language processing, but is computationally expensive and time-consuming. Further, the effectiveness of fine-tuning is limited by the inclusion of training examples that negatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Richard Antonello , Nicole Beckage , Javier Turek , Alexander Huth

Iterative magnitude pruning methods (IMPs), proven to be successful in reducing the number of insignificant nodes in over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs), have been getting an enormous amount of attention with the rapid deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Soheil Gharatappeh , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance as text embedding models when finetuned with supervised contrastive training. However, their large size balloons inference time and memory requirements. In this paper, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Thennal D K , Tim Fischer , Chris Biemann

Data is the cornerstone of large language models (LLMs), but not all data is useful for model learning. Carefully selected data can better elicit the capabilities of LLMs with much less computational overhead. Most methods concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mingjia Yin , Chuhan Wu , Yufei Wang , Hao Wang , Wei Guo , Yasheng Wang , Yong Liu , Ruiming Tang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

In this work, we investigate whether small language models can determine high-quality subsets of large-scale text datasets that improve the performance of larger language models. While existing work has shown that pruning based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Zachary Ankner , Cody Blakeney , Kartik Sreenivasan , Max Marion , Matthew L. Leavitt , Mansheej Paul

Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin

Probing is a popular method to discern what linguistic information is contained in the representations of pre-trained language models. However, the mechanism of selecting the probe model has recently been subject to intense debate, as it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jiaoda Li , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Systematic generalization remains challenging for current language models, which are known to be both sensitive to semantically similar permutations of the input and to struggle with known concepts presented in novel contexts. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Sondre Wold , Lucas Georges Gabriel Charpentier , Étienne Simon

LLM alignment ensures that large language models behave safely and effectively by aligning their outputs with human values, goals, and intentions. Aligning LLMs employ huge amounts of data, computation, and time. Moreover, curating data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amrit Khera , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta